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vaccines, insert photo for vaccine protection from infection vs protection…
vaccines
types of vaccines
Live/dead viruses
Limitations and potential risks
- live vaccines are more dangerous, but also more effective
Toxin based vaccines
- Exotoxins can be fixed (in formalin) or modified through genetic mutation to render them safe. These are referred to as ‘toxoids’.
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Subunit vaccines
- They consist of small parts of a
human pathogen that are
synthesised/purified and delivered to vaccines
- need adjuvants
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combined vaccines
- Combination of vaccines into a single cocktail makes a theory that it will be more efficiency for the population
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Adjuvants
- vaccine tells the body that there is a stranger invading, but not that this stranger is dangerous
- adjuvants tells the body that the stranger is dangerous
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immune memory
what:
T and B lymphocytes that remain after infection has waned
The CD8 and CD4 T cells go into the periphery and stay there for the next few years → these retained receptors on the antigens you were exposed to allows a more aggressive immune response if exposed to some pathogen later
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