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Madison Blackwood P2 Skeletal System - Coggle Diagram
Madison Blackwood P2 Skeletal System
Names of all the bones
Phalanges- toes
Metatarsals- sole of foot
Tarsals- ankle
Fibula and Tibia- calf
Patella- knee
Femur- thigh
Pubis- either of the two bones on the side of the pelvis
Coccyx- tail bone
Phalanges- finger
Metacarpals- hands
Carpals- wrists
Radius and Ulna- forearm
Humerus- funny bone
Coxal- hip bone
Lumbar- lower back
Ribs
Clavicle- collarbone
Scapula- shoulder
Sternum- chest
Nasal Bone
Orbit- eye
Types of bones
Long bone ex: Leg
short: wrist
Sesamoid: patella
Flat: ribs
Irregular: vertebrae
Anatomy of long bone
expanded ends of bones that form joints with adjacent bones called epiphyses
articular cartliage (hyaline cartilge) covers epiphyes
shaft of the bone called diaphysis
Compact bone is a very tightly packed tissue which makes up the wall of the diaphysis
spongy bone consists of many branching bony plates called trabucculae
Microscopic anatomy of the long bone
Osteocytes are the bone cells
osteocytes are located in chambers called lacunae
lamellae deposited around a cylindrical tube called a central canal
osteocytes pass nutrients and gases through the matrix via tiny canals called canliculi
extracellular matrix consists of collagen and inorganic salts
Bone repair
Nutrition- vitamin D needed for Calcium absorbtion
Growth Hormone- stimulates division of cartilage cells in epipyhseal plate
sex hormones- stimulates ossification of epiphyseal plates
Bone fracture repair
casts
screws and plates
hybrid fixation
metal pins
infusions of stem cells
Joints
synarthrotic- immovable
amphiarthrotic- slightly movable
diarthrotic- freely movable
fibrous- composed of dense connective tissue
cartilaginous- contains cartilage
synovial- complex structure
condylar joint- consists of ovoid condyle fitting into elliptical cavity
plane joint- articulating surfaces are nearly flat or slightly curved
Sadelle joint- found between bones that have with concave
Pivot joint- cylindrical surface rotates within a ring of bone and ligaments
Movements of synovial joints
ball-and-socket movement
widest range of motion
example- shoulder and hip joints