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Kevin Santana Period.5 Skeletal System - Coggle Diagram
Kevin Santana Period.5 Skeletal System
Bone Remodeling
bone deposit: new bone matrix is deposited by osteoblasts
resorption: function of osteocytes; secrete lysosomal enzymes and protons; converts calcium salts to soluble forms
consists of both bone deposits and bone resorption
Joints
Synovial Joints:seperated by fluid-filled join cavity; freely movable; general structure- articular cartilage, join cavity, articular capsule, synovial fluid, diff. types of reinforcing ligaments, nerves and blood vessels
Synarthroses: immovable joints
Cartilaginous Joints: united by cartilage; 2 types->
Symphyses: fibrocartilage united bones; slightly movable
Synchondroses: hyaline cartilage unites bones; immovable
Amphiarthroses: slightly movable joints
Fibrous Joints: bones joined by dense fibrous CT; 3 types->
Syndesmoses: connected by ligaments, bands of fibrous tissue
Gomphoses: peg-in-socket joins; only ex. is teeth
Sutures: rigid, interlocking joints; allow for growth during youth, but fuse in middle age
Diarthroses: freely movable joints
Differences Between Male and Female Skeleton
The Male's skeletal system is bigger and rougher in texture while the Female's skeletal system is relatively smaller and smoother. Exception within the pelvis which is bigger and wider in women to make child birth easier/possible.
Names of Bones
Axial Skeleton:
Nasal Bone
Voimoid
Temporal Bone
Maxillae
Occipital Bone
Mandible
Frontal Bone
Lumbar Vertebrae
Thoracic Vertebrae
Cervical Vertebrae
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
Coronal Suture
Parietal Bone
Lamboidal Suture
Squamous Suture
Sagittal Suture
Ribs
Sternum
Hyoid Bone
Sacrum
Coccyx
Appendicular Skeleton:
Clavicle
Scapula
Humerus
Ulna
Radius
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Coxal Bone
Humerus
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Types of Bones
Small Bone
Ex. Carpals, Tarpals
Flat Bone
Ex. Skull Bones
Long Bone
Ex. Femur, Humerus
Irregular Bone
Ex. Vertebral Collum
Anatomy of Long Bone
Diaphysis
Epiphysis
Epiphyseal Plate
Endeosteum
Articular Cartilage
Periosteum
Red Bone Marrow
Compact Bone
Yellow Bone Marrow
Spongy Bone
Medullary Cavity
Movements Allowed by Synovial Joints
Pivot Joint: uniaxial movement
Condylar Joint: biaxial movement
Hinge Joint: uniaxial movement
Saddle Joint: biaxial movement
Plane Joint: nonaxial movement
Ball-and-Socket: multiaxial movement
Bone Fracture Repair
Bone Remodeling: compact bone is laid down to reconstruct shaft walls
Bony Callus Formation: callus is converted to bony(hard)callus
Fibrocartilaginous Callus Formation: capillaries grow into hematoma; phagocytic cells clear debris; secrete collaged fibers to span break and connect broken ends
Hematoma Formation: torn blood vessels hemorrhage, forming mass of clotted blood called a hematoma; site is swollen, painful, and inflamed
Microscopic Anatomy of Bone Tissue
Osteocytes:
mature bone cells in lacunae that no longer divide; cells that destory
Bone-lining Cells:
help maintain matrix(along with osteocytes)
Osteoblasts:
secrete unmineralized bone matrix; osteoid is made of collagen and calcium-binding proteins
Osteoclasts:
derived from same hematopoietic stem cells that became macrophages; break down of bone
Osteogenic Cells:
mitotically active stem cells, differentiate into osteoblasts or bone-lining cells
Disorders/Diseases
Osteoporosis
groups of diseases in which bone resorption exceeds deposit
Paget's Disease
excessive and haphazard bone deposit and resorption cause bone to grow fast and develop poorly
Osteomalacia/Rickets
results in soft and weak bones; bones are poorly mineralized