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Kamila Galan Skeleton System Per: 2 - Coggle Diagram
Kamila Galan Skeleton System Per: 2
Types of bones
Sesamoid (round) bones
short Bones
Flat bones
Microscopic anatomy of bone tissue
Canaliculi
tiny canals that passes nutrients and gases
central (haversian) canal
a cylindrical tube
Osteons (haversian system)
organized the osteocytes and extracellular matrix layers
Lamellae
bone cells that are located within the chambers known as
lacunae
Spongy bone
made of osteocytes and extracellular matrix
Extracellular matrix
consist mainly of collagen and inorganic salts
Perforating canals
help osteons share a blood supply
Bone fracture repair
Fribrocartilage formation
spongy bone forms in regions close to developing blood cells
Hematoma
blood escapes from ruptured blood vessels
Bony callus formation
a hard (bony) callus replaces fibrocartilage
Bone remodeling
osteoclasts remove excess bone tissue, restoring new bone
structure much like the original
Disorders/diseases
osteoarthritis
protective cartilage at ends of bones wears down older age, more common in females, joint injuries
osteogenesis imoerfecta
a genetic disorder that causes brittle bones frequent fractures, deafness, congenital mutation
osteosarcoma
malignant bone tumor
possible linkage to fluoridate water, radiotherapy for unrelated conditions, hereditary
osteomyelistis
an infection in the bone
from puncture infection, circulatory disorders, iv catheterization
Pagets disease
a metabolic bone disease affecting the breakdown and rebuilding of bone
exact cause unknown, possible viral infection, hereditary
Types of bones
short bone
almost equal in length examples; bones of the wrist and ankles
long bone
long with expanded ends example; arm and leg bones
flat bone
plate-like shape with broad surface examples; ribs, scapula, flattened skull bones
irregular bone
varied shape examples; vertebrae some facial bones
Sesamoid
small nodular bones that develop within the tendon; a special type of short bone example - patella
All bones 206 bones
Appendicular Skeleton
Pelvic
Coxal 2
2 bones
lower limb
Tibia 2
phalanx 28
femur 2
fibula 2
tarsals 14
patella 2
metatarsals 10
60 bones
pectoral girdle
scapula 2
clavicle 2
4 boned
upper limbs
humerus 2
ulna 2
Radius 2
metacarpal 10
carpal 16
phalanx 28
60 bones
Axial skeleton
Skull
cranial bones
ethmoid 1
sphenoid 1
parietal 2
temporal 2
frotal 1
occipital 1
facial bones
maxilla 2
zygomatic 2
lacrimal 2
nasal 2
palatine 2
vomer 1
inferior nasal concha 2
mandible 1
hyoid
hyoid bone 1
vertebral culumm
thoracic vertebrae 12
lumbar 5
Cervical vertebrae 7
sacrum 1
coccyx 1
26 bones
middle ears
stapes 2
6 bones
incus 2
Malleus 2
Thoracic
ribs 24
25 bone
Sternum 1
Joints
synovial joint
articular ends of the bones in a synovial
cartilaginous joints
connected by either hyaline or fibrocartilage
Fibrous joints
most immovable such as the sutures
Bone Remodeling
Osteoclsts
Resorb throughout life
Osteoblast
Deposit throuhout life
Female and male pelvic
Female
wider ,. Female hip bones are lighter,thinner, and have less evidence of muscular attachments. Wider in all diameter, is shorter, roomier,and less funnel shaped. Coccyx is more movable
male
Oburrator is more of an oval shape
anatomy of long bone
meduallary cavity
Hollow chamber on the diaphysis
Diaphysis
The shaft of the bone
Epiphyses
Expanded ens of bones that from joints with adjacent bones
Articular cartilage
Hyalinecartilage cavers the epiphyses
periosteum
tough layer of dense tissue that covers the bone and is continues with ligaments and tendons
endosteum
Thin layer of cells that line the medullary cavity
bone marrow
Special type of connective tissue that fills the medullary cavety
compact bone
Very tightly paced tissue makes up tha wall of the diaphysis
Movements allowed by synovial joints
eversion
turning the sole(plater surface) of the foot laterally
Pronation
Rotation of the forearm, the palm is facing downward or posterior
protection
Moving a part of the body foward
ratation movement of part around an axis
Elevation
raising a part of the body
dorisflexion
Ankle movement that brings the foot closer to the shin
Abduction
moving a body part away from the midline
lateral flexion
Bending, hed neck, or trunk to the side
Flection
bending a part at a joint so the angle between them decreases
adduction
moving a body part away from the midline
Extension
Straightening parts at a joint so the angle between them increases
Hyperextension
Straightening beyond normal anatomical position
Planer flexion
ankle movement that moves the foot farther from the shin
circumduction
movement of a part it end follows a circular path
supination
rotation of the forearm so that the palm is facing upward or anteriorly
Inversion
turning the sole of the foot backward
depression
lowering a part of the body