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immunotherapy, recap of how antibody drugs work, drug names, insert photo…
immunotherapy
adoptive immunotherapy
- immune cells are collected from the patient and grown in the lab and then the cultured immune cells are given back to the patient to help the immune system fight the disease
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Dendritic cell vaccines
- You extract the APCs
- Manufacture them and boost their functions
- APCs engulf the cancer proteins and become activated 4. APCs are infused back into the bloodstream
- They signal to the T cells to switch them on
- T cells proliferate and kill the tumour
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anitbody
- glycoprotein
- secreted into the blood due to infections
- its a globular protein that is Y shaped
Polyclonal antibody
special case of Human anti-mouse antibodies (HAMA)
- gives rise to the anti drug antibody effect
- this is when we make our own immune responses to try and target that protein -->
- we thus stop the effect of the drug antibodies
how was it solved
Chimerization of mouse antibodies into human‐mouse variants
- take the Fab region of the mouse antibody and past it onto the Fc region of human antibody
- we get antibody with Fab region attached to the human Fc region
- The protein is mostly a human one, it hasthe specificity of the mouse antibody
drug: rituximab/Rituxan for B cell lymphoma
- Rituximab was introduced → increase antibodies that targets CD20 (meaning it removes the effects that CD20 causes) → since CD20 causes B cells to proliferate, the number of B cells decrease → this targets the B cell lymphoma disease
TNF alpha for rheumatoid arthritis
- TNf alpha is one of the inflammatory cytokines used that causes rheumatoid arthritis
- scientists made a mouse monoclonal antibody against human TNf alpha and its called Infliximab
Humanization of mouse antibodies
- clone and paste CDR regions, which are the heavy and light chains from a mouse antibody onto a human antibody scaffold
- But within each CDR there are specific patches which cannot be changed from mouse to human without compromising on the specificity of the resulting antibody → these regions are termed specificity determining regions or SPRs
Making fully human antibodies
- HUMIRA is a fully human anti-TNF antibody and was derived from a patient who was making an auto-antibody response
against her own TNF
- the drug name is adalimumab
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drug names
three type of name
- brand name
- generic name
- chemical name
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