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POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC LIBERALISM, image, image, image, image, image,…
POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC LIBERALISM
criticism of the old regime
liberals criticised this aspects.
The survival of a feudal economy
great commercial and market growth during previous centuries
liberals criticised obstacles to development
The power of absolute monarchs and the Church
their ability to influence laws limited individual rights and freedom of expression
Monarchs and clerics censored criticism
The legal inequality of the estate system
Society was divided into
the rest of the population
peasants, artisans, merchants, doctors...
privilegied social groups
nobels, clergymen
ideas of political liberalism
Liberalism sought an alternative social and political order to the existing one
Equality of people before the law
Everyone (including king) should be subject to the same laws
The existence of unalienable individual rights
idea inspired John Locke
meant that humans had right to life, liberty and property
These rights cannot be taken away
The division of powers
liberals argued that power had to be moderated by individual rights and by division into 3 powers
the legislative by parliament
he judicial by the courts
the executive by the government
separation between the Church and the state
to prevent religious interference in civil society
Sovereignty resides in the nation
representative political power was proposed
liberals defended people governing themselves through representatives in Parliament
elected by suffrage (voting)
ideas of economic liberalism
Enlightened ideas influenced in economy
economic liberalism
defended the freedom to produce and buy
a free market
defended own private property
liberals believed that the role of public power should be reduced to mediating in economy
restrictions imposed by privileges
The state should not intervene
the law of supply and demand in a free market would determine what to produce, how much and the price
would determine what to produce, how much to produce and at what price.
