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REVOLUTIONS AND THE RESTORATION OF ABSOLUTISM, image, image, image, image,…
REVOLUTIONS AND THE RESTORATION OF ABSOLUTISM
POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC LIBERALISM
Criticism of the old regime
Guarantee individual rights and moderate the power of kings. Based on Enlightened tough, opposition to Old Regime
Criticised:
The legal inqualuty of yhe estate system
Absence of equality between all before the law
Divided in two privileged social groups (clerics and nobles)
The survival of a feudal economy
great comercial markets were criticised
criticised obstacles to development caused by fiefdoms
The power of absolute monarchs ande the church
Monarchs and clerics censored criticism and the development of new ideas
Ideas of political liberalism
The Old Rgime was hevily criticised, so political liberalism was formed
Equality of people before the law
Abolition of all priviligies
Rveryone includin gthe king, should be subject to the same laws rgardless of their social oridings
The existence of unaliable individual rights
right to live, liberty or property
press, printing education and assembly
The division of power
power had to be moderated by individual rights
separation between the church and the state
Sovereignty resides in the nation
representative political poweer
parliamentary political tradition and the teaching of Rousseau
Ideas of political liberalism
Adam Smith developed a theory called political liberalism
Freedom of the individual to produce and buy within a free market and own a private property
THe Wealth of Nations
(1776)
restrictions imposed by privileges
The law of supply and demand
THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION: THE FOUNDING OF THE UNITED SATATES OF AMERICA
The thirteen colonies: War and Independence
They were not represented in the British parliament in London
so, they made a slogan:
No taxation without representation
Rvolutionary process began
1776
meet in Philadelphia
delegates frome the Thirteen Colonies declared independence from Great Britain and George II's rule
The Thirteen Colonies --->United States of America
Colnies --> States
Britain were opposed to these changes
so, the American war of independence started
The Political Regime Of The United States
The delegates from the new states met again in Philadelphia and drafted a Constitution
Consitution approved in 1787
For the first time political ides of Rousseau and Montesquieu were incorporated in a country's constitution.
The Constitution Of The United States Of America
Popular Sovereignity
Federal Republic
Separation of Powers
Head of State--> President
Suffrage
Basic Rights
THE FRENCH REVOLUTION: LIBERTY, EQUALITY, FRATERNITY
Dificult Times For The Monarcy
Factors that triggered the revolution
The liberal ideas of the Enlightement.
The example of the United States.
Inequality before the law.
Economic crisis.
Political unrest.
Social Inequalities.
Phases of the French Revolution
1789
- The Estates General
Because the Royal Treasury had problems paying its expenses.
Proposed: the tich pay taxes.
1789-1791
- National Constituent Assembly
Parisians rose up and attacked the Bastille prision.
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
was created.
King drew up the Constitution of 1791.
1791-1792
- Legislative Assembly
The Plain:
Deputies who did not belong to ant party.
The Girondins:
They were moderates, federalists and supporters of the parliamentary monarchy.
The Jacobins:
Radical liberals, centralist and supporters of the Republic.
1792-1795
- National Convention
Assembly assumed legislative and executive powers.
Liberty, equality, fraternity
Republic was proclaimed in september 1972.
1795-1799
- The Directory
New constitution approved in 1795.
Faced internal conspiracies and rebellions.
Internal inestabiliy led to a new coup d'état.
1799-1804
- The Consulate
Napoleon Bonaparte led a coup d'état in 1799
seized power and drew up another constitution
established a Confres and a Senate with very low powers
NAPOLEON BONPARTE
Features of the Napoleonic Regime
He established hederetary power
Crowned as emperor of the french in 1804
Napoleonic Reforms
Authoritarian government
Revolutionary achivements
French Civil Code
boosted the economy
Modern educational Models
Repressive Regimes
Public Administration
The rise and fall of Napoleon Bonaparte
Napoleon's succes
As very young
Defending the Republic
Expansive Nature
new world oreder
Continenatal Blockade
The Napoleonic Wars
First Phase
Victories against the grat absolute powers
Austria
Prussia
Russia
Control of Italy and Central Europe
Disolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806
Invaded Spain
British army won Battle of Trafalgar
Second Phase
In 1812 tried to Conquer Russia, but failed
The interminable war of Spain led Napoleon's defeat and exile in 1814
Gained power again but the Britsh and their allies defeat him in the battle of Waterloo
