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REVOLUTIONS AND THE RESTORATION OF ABSOLUTISM, image, image, image, image,…
REVOLUTIONS AND THE RESTORATION OF ABSOLUTISM
POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC LIBERALISM
CRITICISM OF THE OLD REGIME
Radical opposition by liberals to the
Old Regime
term used to describe the feudal system of their time
characterised by
Political absolutism
The estate system
Agricultural economy
Aspects criticised by liberals
The survival of a feudal economy
The power of absolute monarchs and the Church
Power
Privileges of the Church
The legal inequality of the estate system
Absence of equality between all people before the law
IDEAS OF POLITICAL LIBERALISM
Old Regime heavily criticised
Ideas formed
political liberalism
Alternative social and political order to the existing one
The existence of unalienable individual rights
Rights cannot be taken away
John Locke
the right to life, liberty and property
Freedoms
Press
The right to inform
Printing
Publish
Education
Teach
Assembly
Assemble
Sovereignty resides in the nation
Rousseau
People should govern themselves through their representatives in Parliament
Should be elected
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Proposed representative political power
Equality of people before the law
Abolition of all privileges
Everyone should be subject to the same laws regardless of their social origin.
The division of powers
Into three powers
Executive
Legislative
Judicial
Separation between the Church and the state
to prevent religious interference in civil society
The aim
people no longer be serfs and subjects
Become citizens
Enjoy all the rights and duties established by law
THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION: THE FOUNDING OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
THE THIRTEEN COLONIES: WAR AND INDEPENDENCE
Colonial assemblies
British monarchy organised the colonists into 13 colonies
Pay a series of taxes to the British Crown
THE THIRTEEN COLONIES
Seven Years’ War
Great Britain VS France
After that
British
Created a large permanent army in America
They forced the colonists new taxes
Colonists rebelled
Slogan
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Revolutionary process
1776
Thirteen Colonies
Declared independence from Great Britain
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Met
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British opposed to all the changes
American War of Independence
France
VS
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United Provinces
Spain
Battles of
Saratoga
Won by the colonists led by George Washington
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Waterloo
THE POLITICAL REGIME OF THE UNITED STATES
THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Federal republic
government functions are divided between
the capital
the different federated states
Popular sovereignty
Separation of powers
Executive
Legislative
Judicial
The head of state is the president
Suffrage
To elect members of the House of Representatives
Recognition of basic rights to
liberty
property
life
freedoms
House of Representatives
elected by censitary suffrage
Only white adult males
