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Skeletal Map Angie Corona P.2 - Coggle Diagram
Skeletal Map Angie Corona P.2
Types Of Bones
Short
almost equal in length and width; examples: bones of the wrist and ankles
Flat
plate-like shape with broad surface; examples: ribs, scapula, flattened skull bones
Long
long with expanded ends; examples: arm and leg bones
Irregular
varied shape; examples: vertebrae, some facial bones
Male VS. Female Skeleton
Pelvic Arch
In females, the lower back bone is wider and shorter, and the tailbone is more flexible and angled backward. In males, the lower back bone is narrower and longer, and the tailbone is less flexible and straighter.
Sacrum and Coccyx
Male skulls often have more prominent brow ridges and a more angular appearance, while female skulls have smoother features and rounder contours.
Pelvic Inlet
Females have a rounder pelvic arch, while males have a sharper angle.
Skull
Males generally have bigger and heavier bones compared to females
Pelvis
The opening in the female pelvis is wider and oval-shaped, while in males it is narrower and heart-shaped.
Name Of The Bones
Skull
Crainuim, Mandible, Maxilla, Zygomatic, Nasal, Vomer, Ethmoid, Sphenoid, Occipital, Pariteal
Axial Limbs
Cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sternum, sacrum, pelvis, illium, ischium, pubis, coccyx, coxal, true ribs, false ribs
Appendicular Limbs
Scapula, clavicle, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
Bone Remodeling
When osteclasts remove excess bone, slowly reshaping it. Osteoblasts deposit compact bone restoring the bone's original strength.
Anatomy Of Long Bones
Endosteum
A thing layer of cells that lines the medullary cavity
Bone Marrow
A special type of connective tissue that is inside the medullary cavity
Medullary Cavity
A hollow chamber in the diaphysis
Processes
provide attachment sites for tendons
and ligaments, openings or grooves for blood vessels and nerves
Periosteum
A tough layer of dense connective tissue that covers the bone
Compact Bone
very tightly packed tissue, which makes up the wall of the diaphysis
Diaphysis
The shaft of the bone
Articular cartilage
(hyaline cartilage) covers the epiphyses
Epiphyses
Expanded ends of bones that form joints with adjacent bones
Spongy Bone
sponge-like bone that reduces the weight of the skeleton
Joints
Saddle
found in base of thumb, allows for a wide range of movement
Gliding
Found between carpals and tarsals, allows sliding/gliding movement.
Pivot
Found between axis and atlas, allows for rotational movement.
Hinge
Found in elbow and knee, allows for movement in one place
Ball and Socket
Found in the hip and shoulder, allowing for multi-directional movement.
Microscopic Anatomy of Bone Tissue
Haversian Canal
Central canlas containing blood vessels and nerves
Canaliculi
Tiny canals where osteocytes pass nutrients and gases through the matrix
Lamellae
Concentric circles of the matrix
Extracellular Matrix
consists mainly of collagen and inorganic salts
Lacunae
Where ostecytes are found
Osteons (Haversian Systems)
where osteons and extracellular matrix are cemented together
Osteocytes
Bone cells
Perforating (Volkmann's) Canals
Help osteons share blood supply and nerves
Disorders/Diseases
Ostersarcoma
Malignant bone tumor
Osteomyelitis
An infection in the bone
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
A genetic disorder that causes brittle bones.
Paget's Disease
Metabolic bone disease afffecting the break done/rebuilding of a bone.
Osteoarthritis
Protective cartilage at ends of bones wear down.
Bone Fracture Repair
Fibrocartilaginous Callus Formation
A cartilagneous patch the body forms over the broken bone that calcifies over time
Bony Callus Formation
Cells multiply creating a soft callus that supports the broken bone.
Hematoma Formation
When a bone breaks, a clot forms starting the healing process
Bone Remodeling
When osteclasts remove excess bone, slowly reshaping it. Osteoblasts deposit compact bone restoring the bone's original strength.