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FIRST MODULE - Coggle Diagram

- - - - inhibitory signals to the globus pallidus internus / SNpr
        
        inhibitory gaba to thalamus
        
        thalamus sends excitatory glutamate up to motor cortex to then generate movement
  - - - inhibitory signals to the globus pallidus externus
        
        further inhibitory to the STN
        
        excitatory glutamatergic neurons to globus pallidus internus / SNpr
        
        then same deal to thalamus and motor cortex
  - - - decrease activity / inhibit globus pallidus externus
        
        deinhibits STN, allowing it to fire
        
        increased firing of output nuclei - GPi + SNpr
        
        increased firing of thalamus
        
        dysfunctional movement
- - - - into SNpc, striatum or medial forebrain bundle
  - - - again has reactive products produced by metabolism in mitochondria
  - - - 6-OHDA lesion - few placements with affected paw
    - - assess balance and coordination - time spent walking before fall off rod
    - - quantifies movements in terms of time, distance etc.
- - - - good resolution and good neuronal specificity
      - structure specificity
        
        site in brain - depends on viral vector packaging system.
        
        genetic material, capsid, envelope, glycoprotein
      - neuronal specificity
        
        express genetic information in one neuron phenotype
      - stimulation pattern
        
        stimulate with light at optimal wavelenght, pulses of light in any pattern
      - disadvantages
        
        expensive, tight regulatory controls, longer time, more points of failure
    - - poor neuronal specificity but good time resolution
      - stimulate cell bodies, dendrites, terminals, fibres of passage
    - - receptor specific but poor time resolution
      - modulate STN neurons to change firing rate
        
        inject glutamate AMPA or NMDa receptor agonist
- - - - side effect - dyskinesia