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Coastal Environments (physical processes) - Coggle Diagram
Coastal Environments (physical processes)
costal erosion and deposition land form
4 erosion press
solution
when sea water dissolves certain types of rock in the UK chalk and limestone cliffs are prone to this type of erosion
abrasion
when pebells gride a long a rock platform much like snap paper over time
attrition
the process of reducing something's strength or effectiveness through sustained attack or pressure.
hydronic action
this is the sheer power of the waves as they smash against the cliff air becomes trapped in the rock and causes the rock to break apart.
the formation of depositional land forms
cracks and joints are made at the wave attack zone and becomes enlarged due to hydraulic action, abrasion and solution
high energy zone high energy waves
a small cave is created and widen as waves cut into the cliff with hydronic action to create a larger cave
large cave turns into an arch and the roof that struggles to support its self
when the arch can not support it self the arch turns into a stack and is weathered by biological and chemical. material falls into the sea is erode by attrition.
when the stack falls it turns into a stump. this is when a stack cant support its self and the collapse materiel is eroded by attrition and transport.
beaches
made up from eroded material
transported from somewhere else
deposited by sea
waves have limited access
sheltered areas
Bays
constructive waves
weak backwash
e.g.
lee on Solent
spits
e.g.
Calshot spit, Southampton water
prevailing winds = LSD east
sudden change of direction in coastline
behind the spit = salt marsh
deposition = finger of new land, grows, its curved due to accessional wind from other direction
Bar
same prosess as a spit
sediment 'bridges' the bay
e.g.
slaplan sands Devon
tombolo
same process as a spit
joints to a pre - exiting island
e.g.
chesil beach to Portland
deposition
wave energy = erosion and transportation
low wave energy = low energy in the water
heave sediment is deposited first
mass movement
land
rock fall
fragment of rock break away from the cliff face due to weathering
e.g
freeze - thaw
sediment left at the bottom is called scree
slumping
saturated soil slumps along a curved surface
landslide
block or rock slide downhill
slide plane
mud slide
saturated soil flows down a slope
saturated soil and rock debris
sea
traction
large boulders and pebbles are rolled along the sea bed
solution
dissolved me mineration are carried by the sea
suspersion
fine material such as day and sediment is carried by the sea
saltation
small stones pebble and sit bounces along the sea bed
long shore drift (LSD)
Fetch
time how long wind drown for
distance down over the water
strength of wind
weathering
chemical weathering
where chemical in sea rain water after the structure of the rock
biological weathering
where living thing like burrowing animals or roots of plants weaken the structure
mechanical weathering
where and physical broken down of rocks accurse, dew to the process of frees thaw
factors affecting Costal environments
geology
Discordant coastline
different geology
soft hard soft hard
bays headlands
role bands
perpendicular to coast line
features of hard and soft rock
shape of cliff
soft
gently lower and less steep
hard
high and steep
cliff case
hard
bare rock and rugged
soft
smooth and evidence of slumping
foot of cliff
soft
fewer rocks, some sand and mud
hard
boulder and rocks
concordant coastline
geological bands of different stranths run parallel to coast
e.g.
Lulworth
coral bleaching
when the sea turns to warm, coral expel the algae living in there cells die
sea level change
increase over 100 years
Eustatic change
change in the globle water volume
e.g.
melting ice caps
submerged landscapes
ria
e.g.
solcome deven
isostatic change
it is a change in the hight of the land in relation to the sea level
vegetation
the longer the time = more vegetation
needs to be salt tolerant
e.g.
mangrove swamps
tropical areas
protected and behinds coastal landforms
e.g.
sand dunes
global
human activity
3 human activates
settlement
economic development
coastal management
