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Ethan Johnson. P. 2 Skeletal System - Coggle Diagram
Ethan Johnson. P. 2 Skeletal System
ANATOMY OF LONG BONE
Proximal Epiphysis - Top of bone
Distal Epiphysis - Bottom of bone
Diaphysis - is the body of the bone
Medullary cavity - Cavity in the middle that contains blood vessels and yellow bone marrow
Spongy Bone - Lighter form of bone that makes bone lighter
Compact bone - Harder type of bone that is under the perforating fibers
Articular Cartilage - Tissue that lines the bony surface on the joints
Epiphyseal line - Line where epiphysis and diaphysis meet.
TYPES OF BONE
Long bone – has a long, thin shape. EX . Femur
Short bone – has a squat, cubed shape. EX - Carpals and Tarsals
Flat bone – has a flattened, broad surface. Ribs , Sternum , Scapula , Skull bones
Irregular bone – has a shape that does not conform to the above three types. EX - Vertebrae , Sacrum , coccyx
TYPES OF JOINTS
Fibrous Joint - Layer of connective Tissue , usually between the skull and distal joints of Tibia and Fibia
Cartilaginous joint - Joints made of Cartilage and is in between vertebrates and pubic symphesis
Synovial Joint - Joints that allow free movement and surrounded by a joint capsule and is between most long bones.
SYNOVIAL JOINT MOVEMENTS
Flexion : Movement at joint where angle decreaces
Extension : Movement at joint where angle increases
Lateral flexion: bending the head, neck, or trunk to the side
Hyper extension : straightening beyond normal anatomical position
Abduction: moving a body part away from the midline
Adduction: moving a body part toward the midline
Dorsiflexion: ankle movement that points the top of the foot at ur shin
Plantar flexion: ankle movement that moves the foot farther
from the shin
Rotation: movement of a part around an axis
Protraction: moving a part of the body forward
• Retraction: moving a part of the body backward
• Elevation: raising a part of the body
• Depression: lowering a part of the body
BONE FRACTURE REPAIR
When bone breaks , blood vessels ruptures and a hematoma is formed
Spongy bone forms in regions where blood vessels are , fibrocartilage forms in distant regions
A hard bony callus replaces the fibrocartilage
Osteoclasts remove excess tissue which restores the bone to its original form
BONE REMODELING
As a fetus you devolop Endochrondral bones which is made of a hyaline cartilage
Bone-resorbing cells called osteoclasts break down the calcified matrix
Osteoblasts replace the cartilage over time with bone. Once the Epiphyseal plate is done growing is where the epiphyseal line forms
As the compact bone is being formed the medullary cavity starts to form
DISORDERS/DISEASES
Osteoarthritis - Protective cartilage on the ends of bones wear off
Osteogenesis imperfecta - Genetic disorder that causes brittle bones
Osteosaracoma - Malignant bone tumor
Osteomyelitis - Infection on the bone
Pagets disease - Metabolic bone disease affecting the break down and rebuilding of the bone
BONES
Skull - Parietal , Temporal , Occipital , frontal- forhead, vomer , nasal- nose , mandible - jaw , zygomatic - cheek , sphenoid , lacrimal , palatine , hyoid , maxilla
Vertebrae and rib cage - Cervical Vertebrae ( Consists of the Atlas and Axis C1 and C2 , Thoracic vertebrae , Lumbar Vertebrae, Sacrum , coccyx - Tailbone , Sternum(breastbone)- xiphoid process , manubrium , First 7 ribs are true and bottom 5 are false ribs. Bottom two on both sides are floating ribs , scapula - shoulder blade , clavicle - collarbone
Upper limbs - Humerus , ulna , radius , carpals - wrist , metacarpals, phalanges - fingers
Lower Limbs - Coxal bone - hip , Femur , tibia , fibula , patella , tarsals , metatarsals , phalanges
Coxal - Hip bone - Illium the top part , Ishium is L shaped part on the bottom , Pubic symphesis is where the two sides connect
ANATOMY OF BONE TISSUE
Spongy bone is on ends of epiphysis and consist of trabecular.
Compact bone surrounds the spongy tissue
Artiuclar cartilage goes on the ends of the compact bone
Havserian canals go through the Osteons that contain blood vessels
Endosteum - Inner layer of membrane on a bony wall
Peristaum - Thin layer of connective tissue that surrounds the bone everywhere but the joints
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE BONES
Their coccyx is also more out of the way instead of sticking out like males
Female pelves are larger and wider than male pelves and have a rounder pelvic inlet