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Natalie Yracheta P5 Skeletal - Coggle Diagram
Natalie Yracheta P5 Skeletal
Names of all the bones
skull
frontal
parietal
temporal
occiptial
maxilla
mandible
nasal
1 more item...
upper body
scapula and clavicle
ribs
7 true
5 false
2 floating
sterunum
arm
humerus
radius
ulna
foot & hand
carpals
metacarpals
tarsals
metatarsals
phalanges
pelvis
ischium
illium
sacrum
coccyx bone
pubis
leg
femur
patella
tibula
fibula
Types of bones
long bones
longer than wide
femurs,humerus
short bones
vary in size and number
wrists,tendons
flat bones
thin,slightly curved
sternum,skull,ribs
irregular bones
complicated shapes
vertebrae,hip bones
Anatomy of the long bone
diaphyses
forms long axis of bone
surrounds medullary cavity filled with yellow marrow
epiphyses
end of long bone
articular cartilage covers articular surface
membranes
periosteum
endosteum
covers internal bone surface
covers external surfaces
excluding joints
Bone remodeling
osteoblasts and osteoclasts used
osteoblasts
osteoclasts
resorbs bone
forms bone
Bone fracture repair
4 major stages
hematoma formation
fibrocartilaginous callus formation
bony callus formation
bone remodeling
begins during previous stage
excess material is removed
compact bone is laid to replace shaft walls
in 1 week trabeculae become callus
callus converted to spongy bone
continues for 2 months until firm union
fibroblasts,cartilage,osteogenic cells begin reconstruction of bone
torn blood vessels hemorrage
causing site to be swollen,inflamed,painful
Joints
fibrous
sultures
interlocking joints of skull
allow for growth over life
syndesmoses
bone connected by ligaments
gomphoses
peg in socket joints
teeth in areolar joints
cartilaginous
synchondroses
hyaline cartilage unites bone
symphyses
fibrocartilage unites bone
synovial
bones separated by fluid filled joint cavity
allow for flexiblity
Movements allowed by Synovial Joints
condylar
flexes and extends
adducts and abducts
saddle
flexes and extends
adducts and abducts
ball and socket
rotates
flexes and extends
adducts and abducts
plane
glides
hinge
flexes and extends
pivot
rotates
defintions
flexion
decreases angle of joint
extension
increases angle of joint
abduction
moves away from midline
adduction
moves toward midline
rotation
medial
rotates toward midline
lateral
rotates from midline
supination & pronation
dorsiflexion & plantar flexion
inversion & eversion
protraction & retraction
elevation & depression
opposition
1 more item...
of mandible
2 more items...
movement in lateral plane
p:mandible juts out
r:mandible pulled towards neck
of foot
i:soles face medially
e:soles face interally
of foot
d:bending foot over shin
p: pointing toes
rotation of radius and ulna
s: palms face anteriorly
r: palms face posteriorly
Differences between male and female skeleton
female pelvis
wider
rounder pelvic inlet
male pelvis
narrower
Disorders/diseases
osteomalacia/rickets
bones are poorly mineralized
results in soft,weak bones
osteoporosis
bone resorption exceeds deposit
matrix=normal bone mass declines
paget's disease
excessive bone deposit & resorption
causing bones to grow fast & poorly
Microscopic anatomy of bone tissue
osteogenic cells
when stimulated become osteoblasts/bone lining cells
some remain osteogenic
osteoblasts
forms bone
secretes unmineralized bone matrix/osteoid
osteocytes
maintain bone matrix
act as stress factors
bone-lining cells
helps maintain matrix
osteoclasts
resorbs bone