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Renal - UTIs - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Cystitis
      - Prostatitis
        
        Acute Bacterial prostatitis
        
        Acute infection of prostate most commonly caused by organisms from UTIs
        
        Symptoms
        
        Fever
        
        Dysuria
        
        Perineal or genital pain
        
        Urinary frequency
        
        Symptoms of urinary obstruction
        
        Tender prostate on examination
        
        Chronic Prostatitis
        
        Charaterised by persistent prostatitis or recurrent UTIs
        
        Prolonged course of antimicrobials required if chronic prostatitis follows acute occurrence
        
        Pathogenesis
        
        Ascending urethral infx with reflux of infected urine into prostatic ducts
        
        Invasion of rectal bacteria by direct extension
        
        Direct inoculation after transrectal prostate biopsy and transurethral manipulations
        
        Lymphatic or haematogenous spread
      - Umethmitis
    - - Pyelonephritis
  - - - Cystitis with a structurally and functionally normal UT
      - Frequency, urgency, dysuria, haematuria
      - Suprapubic pain
      - Systemically well
      - Cut off is 10^5 colonies/ml
    - - Any UTI associated with a structural, surgical, or functional abnormality or risk factors such as immunosuppression, diabetes, indwelling catheers, male, children, pregnancy
      - Loin / flank pain
      - Fevers / rigors
      - Non-specific signs in elderly
- - - - Renal stones - calculi
    - - Urinary cather / HCAI
  - - - UC
        Renal tract abnormality
  - - - UCatherters / HCAI
    - - Young women
    - - Prophylaxis in pregnancy
- - - - Tests for
        
        Leukocyte esterase
        
        Nitrite production
      - Non pregant females
    - - Method
        
        Midstream urine (MSU)
        
        Catherter specimen of urine (CSU)
        
        Clean catch urine
        
        Adhesive bags
        
        Suprapubic aspiration
      - Crucial for complicated UTI
  - - - Ususally unnecessary
      - Request if tx unsuccessful / in pts with unusually sever or peristent symptoms
- - - - Flank pain / renal angle tenderness
      - Fevers / rigors
      - Lethargy
      - Vomiting
      - Abdominal pain