Attachment & Parenting

John Bowlby

Mary Ainsworth

Harlow's Monkeys

Parenting Styles (Diana Baumrind)

Permissive (low in demandingness & high in responsiveness)

Neglectful or Uninvolved

Authoritative (High in both demandingness & responsiveness), Self-confidence, independent, cooperative, good social skills.

Authoritarian (High demand, low responsiveness), Insecure, moody, dependent, easily annoyed, poor social skills, bully others or be a victim of a bully. (disruptive, aggressive, oppositional)

Insecure-avoidant attachment (little stress when mom leaves, avoids her when she returns) reacts to mom and stranger in similar way

Insecure-resistant (ambivalent) attachment (distressed when mom leaves, maybe angry & resist her attempts at contact when she returns, fearful to strangers when mom is present)

Secure attachment(Explore room when Mom is present, may or may not cry when she leaves, actively seeks contact with her when she returns & prefer her to stranger)

Insecure-disorganized attachment (Fearful baby of his or her mother, Dazed, confused facial expression)

Cause s of Aggression (escalating coercive (forcing) interactions & poor parental monitoring of children's activities), Treatment: Parenting skills

Signs of Attachment (start at 6M)

6-8 M, Social referencing (look to caregivers to determine how to act in unfamiliar situations)

6-8 M, Separation Anxiety, intense 14-18 M

2 y, Stranger Anxiety

Early Emotions

Primary Emotion

Secondary (self-conscious) emotions

Development fo self-awareness: 18-24 M

Envy, Empathy, embarrassment, Shame, guilt, pride: 30-36 M

Friendship

5-9 Y, Play and who do nice things for them

7-12 Y, Fairness

3-6 Y, who they play

8-15 Y, Intimate, Mutually shared relationships, caring & sharing (Sharing secrets)

Identity

Identity foreclosure

Identity moratorium

Identity diffusion

Identity achievement