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Mind Map Week 8: Gender and Health Promotion - Coggle Diagram
Mind Map Week 8: Gender and Health Promotion
A Gender-Transformative Health Promotion approach integrates Gender Responsiveness with the Ottawa Charter action areas to address the root causes of VAW.
3.2 Gender-sensitive and gender-transformative approaches have opposite impacts in mitigating VAW.
3.2.1 Gender-sensitive interventions reinforce gender inequalities and inequities in some cases (e.g., reinforcing gender norms by hosting mens-only boxing sessions as targeted physical activity program)
3.2.2 transformative interventions seeks to transform gender norms that contribute to inequities and inequalities (e.g., encouraging both men and women to avoid substance use during pregnancy to mitigate risk of VAW that would impact both the woman and child (substance use is known contributor to both aggression and vulnerability))
3.3 Building personal skills, supportive environments, fostering community action, etc. are each useful pathways through which VAW, its root causes and its health impacts can be addressed.
3.3.1 E.g., empowering communities to address VAW
3.3.2 E.g., building individual awareness of impacts of substance use on VAW (both men and women)
3.1 This approach involves transforming root causes of VAW by enhancing gender equity and equality.
3.1.1 Focusing on both attitudinal and behavioural change.
3.1.2 Gender responsiveness is key - important to recognize differences and try to leverage them, but also change the damaging ones.
Pederson et al. (2015) present a framework for action on Gender-Transformative Health Promotion for women that emphasizes the role of gender as a determinant of health while also offering core principles to guide interventions.
5.2 The approach involves looking beyond individual health issues and appreciating the role that intersectionality plays in increasing risk and vulnerability to violence.
5.2.1 Resisting the neoliberal context under which health and wellbeing materializes is key to mitigating VAW.
5.2.2 It seems that the commodification of health and wellness, combined with societal emphasis on individual responsibility for all aspects of life will be a major barrier to progress.
5.3 It is important to go further than a focus on a narrow range of healthy lifestyle behaviours for women.
5.3.1 Need to address the barriers to healthy lifestyle behaviours
5.3.2 Again, we see the impact of neoliberalism here and its emphasis on individual responsibility for health.
5.1 Multi-sectoral stakeholders, diverse forms of evidence (academic and grey) and critical lens are required for an effective approach.
5.1.1 Does not need to only involve the typical cast (e.g., law enforcement and healthcare providers) - we should think big about who can facilitate change.
5.1.2 It seems that a community-participatory approach and emphasis on lived experience is key here - empirical evidence can only tell us so much about the nuances of VAW.
The Canadian context offers several examples of a Gender-Transformative Health Promotion approach, highlighting the effectiveness of multidisciplinary and intersectoral efforts to mitigate VAW.
4.2 As demonstrated by programs in BC and Alberta, improving the health sector response must involve a shift from responding to violence to contributing to its prevention.
4.2.1 High-income countries tend to focus on clinical and community responses to VAW
4.2.2 Preparing healthcare providers to recognize and understand the impacts of VAW is essential to long term progress.
4.2.2.1 need help from everywhere possible
4.3 In some cases (e.g., Moose Hide Campaign), targeted interventions focused on men and boys are a critical element in addressing root causes of VAW and shifting attitudes and behaviours.
4.3.1 Shouldn't shy away from the fact that men and boys are the most common perpetrators of VAW.
4.3.1.1 Does not need to be a negative approach - men and boys can be positive change makers when it comes to attitudes and behaviours. It can be framed as a good thing, not a punishment.
4.3.2 Evidence-based
4.1 Atlantic Canada is leading the way in terms of policy supports to mitigate cyber violence.
4.1.1 Special cyberbullying investigative unit as well as specific initiatives to support women and girls - important to recognize that VAW is not just physical, and a lot of hate is circulated online.
4.1.2 It seems that innovative approaches like NS's focus on cyber violence are going to be what's required to make progress against VAW.
Understanding violence against women requires a thorough examination of prevalence, vulnerability and intersectionality through a gendered lens.
1.2 A gendered lens on VAW recognizes intersectionality as a major contributor to the issue and the magnitude of its prevalence and effects.
1.2.1 Identity and social location have compounding effect for many women, disproportionately increasing risk of experiencing violence.
1.2.2 Intersectional approach to examining VAW and the health sector involves looking at how the system renders some women more vulnerable to violence than others.
1.3 VAW does not impact all women equally - some are more vulnerable than others.
1.3.2 A 'health across the lifespan' approach to VAW is crucial for limiting vulnerability.
1.3.2.1 E.g., Childhood maltreatment linked to victimization later in life - this is one of many 'root causes' for vulnerability (on the victim side) that can be addressed.
1.3.1 Certain subgroups are more likely to experience violence than others (e.g., disabled women, ethnic minorities, Indigenous women, etc.)
1.3.1.1 Intersectionality at play here again
1.1 Determining the true scope of VAW is a complex endeavour.
1.1.1 Stigma and fear of reporting result in widespread underestimations.
1.1.1.1 Cyber-violence not yet adequately monitored in most jurisdictions.
1.1.1.2 Sex workers are prime example - many of the same barriers to reporting violence are in place for all women in general (apart from those specific to PCEPA)
1.1.2 Women much more likely than men to experience violence, particularly intimate partner violence (IPV)
1.1.2.1 Impact of VAW goes beyond the individuals involved (e.g., children as witnesses)
Addressing violence against women as a health promotion issue requires an upstream, preventative approach.
2.2 Need to acknowledge and understand root causes rather than sticking with reactionary approach.
2.2.1 Entails addressing social, political and economic structures that facilitate VAW and render certain subgroups more vulnerable.
2.2.2 Recognizing social norms and practices that ignore or condone VAW are root causes as well.
2.2.2.1 This seems like it could be one of the most difficult root causes to address, as many cultural perspectives and traditions have been entrenched for hundreds of years.
2.2.2.2 Targeted-interventions are likely required here. There won't be any 'one size fits all' approach for all social norms and practices.
2.3 The focus of upstream approaches shouldn't solely be on perpetrators and victims, rather, should account for health across the lifespan and other influences.
2.3.1 Promoting healthy early childhood development can be a key strategy to reducing substance use that often makes men more likely to be perpetrators and women more vulnerable to violence.
2.3.2 Health across the lifespan approach to mitigating depression may also help limit VAW.
2.3.2.1 Need to think outside the box here. So many potential root causes that remain undocumented
2.1 Ecological models show no single pathway through which VAW occurs.
2.1.1 Root causes are gender inequality and discrimination.
2.1.2 Emerges from interaction of multiple factors including genetic endowment, childhood development, household structures, relationship dynamics, etc.