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Chapter 3 Personality and value - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 3 Personality and value
Value
Basic convictions on how to conduct yourself or how to live your life that is personally or socially preferable – “How To” live life properly
Attributes of Values
Content Attribute: that the behavior pattern or final state matters
Intensity Attribute: the significance of such content
Value System
Values are ranked by intensity in an individual
Seems to be rather steady and reliable
Classifying values – Rokeach Value Survey
Terminal Values
the goals that we would like to achieve during our lifetime
Instrumental Values
Desired behavioral patterns or strategies for reaching one's ultimate goals
Importance of Values
understand about attitudes, motivation, and behaviors
Affects human perception of the world around them
Reflect ideas of what is "correct" and "incorrect."
imply that some actions or results are better than others
Cultural Values
Hofstede’s framework
Individualism
a feature of national culture that expresses how much people desire to behave as individuals as opposed to group members.
Collectivism
A characteristic of national culture that defines a strict social structure where people expect members of the organizations they belong to to take care of and defend them.
Power distance
a feature of national culture that characterizes how much a society recognizes that power in institutions and organizations are not spread uniformly.
Masculinity
The extent to which assertiveness and materialism are valued in addition to the responsibilities of achievement, power, and control in the workplace
Uncertainty Avoidance
The degree to which a community seeks to avoid situations that are unclear and unpredictable because it perceives them as dangerous
Femininity
How little roles for men and women are differentiated from one another
Time Orientation
Long-term Orientation
A feature of the national culture that places an emphasis on perseverance, thrift, and the future
Short-term Orientation
A feature of national culture that prioritizes the here and now and the present
Personality
the sum of ways in which an individual
reacts
with others
interacts
describe personality in terms of the measurable traits a person exhibits
helpful in hiring decisions
self - report
Most common method
observe
often better predictors
decisive factors
culture
Heredity
Physical stature, facial features, gender, temperament, muscle composition and reflexes, energy level,...
Environmental
change over time
Linking an Individual’s Personality and Values to the Workplace
person–job fit
match job requirements with personality characteristics
Holland presented six personality types
differences in personality and different types of jobs
Vocational Preference Inventory (VPI)
tailoring the job to the person
increases the individual’s job satisfaction
increasing person–job fit
person–organization fit
are attracted to and selected by organizations that match values
personality must fit with the organizational culture
Choose the most suitable people
Mismatches
turnover
use the Big Five personality types
other Dimensions of fit
person–group fit
important in team settings
person–supervisor fit
affect to job satisfaction and performance
the affect of situations
Situation Strength theory
the way personality translates into behavior depends on the strength of the situation
situation strength
norms, cues, or standards dictate appropriate behavior
weak situations
anything goes
better predict behavior
4 elements
clarity
consistency
constraints
consequences
trait activation theory ( TAT)
some situations, events,or interventions "activate" a trait more than others
The key traits in the Big Five personality model
Extraversion
Socialble
Gregarious
Assertive
Agreeableness
Good-natured
Cooperative
Trusting
Emotional Stability
Calm
VS
Depressed
Nervous
Self-confident
Secure under stress
Openness to Experience
Imaginative
Artistic
Curious
Sensitive
Conscientiousness
Responsible
Dependable
Persistent
Organized
Other Personality Attributes Relevant to OB
core Self-evaluations (cSes)
Bottomline conclusions individuals have about their capabilities, competence, and worth as a person.
People with positive CSEs perform better than others
Because
they set
more ambitious goals
more committed to their goals
persist longer in
attempting to reach them
high CSEs
more popular coworkers
have careers that begin on better footing
provide better customer
service
ascend more rapidly
self-monitoring
a personality trait that measures an individual’s ability to adjust his or her behavior to external, situational factors.
High self-monitors
considerable adaptability in
adjusting their behavior to external situational factors.
highly sensitive
to external cues and can behave differently in varying situations
sometimes presenting:
their public personae >< their private
selves
Low self-monitors
display their true dispositions and attitudes in every situation
proactive personality
People who identify opportunities, show initiative, take action, and persevere until meaningful change occurs.
Proactive individuals
have many desirable behaviors that organizations covet
higher levels of job performance
do not need much oversight
often achieve career success
is affected by the context