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Module 1: Matter in its Various Form - Coggle Diagram
Module 1: Matter in its Various Form
The three states of matter
Liquid
definite volume but an indefinite shape and it also has flowability.
Gas
indefinite shape and volume, is highly diffusive and has the lowest density of all states of matter
Solid
Definite shape and volume, has rigidity and has highest density
Changes in state of matter
Condensation
when a substance changes from gas to liquid when the vapor touches a cold surface.
Evaporation
when a substance changes from liquid to gas even at temperatures below its boiling point.
Freezing
when a substance changes from liquid to liquid at its freezing point.
Sublimation
when a substance changes directly from solid to gas
Melting
when a substance changes from solid to liquid at its melting point.
Deposition
when a substance changes directly from gas to solid
Separation and Purification
Filtration
Process of separating solids from fluids using a medium where only the fluid can pass.
Distillation
Process of converting a liquid to gas and condense into liquid again to purify it.
Centrifugation
Process of using a centrifuge to separate solids and liquids or fluids of different densities.
Chromatography
The separating of dissolved substances by different reactions.
Cyclonic separation
Process of creating a vortex to remove particulates from a gas or liquid.
Hydro Cyclone
used to remove particulates from liquid and/or separate fluids from different densities
Gas cyclone
Used to remove particulates gas and/or entrained particles from a gas stream
Diffusion
Process of the random motion of molecules moving from an area of high to low concentration.
Drying
Removing of liquid from a solid through evaporation
Magnet separation technique
Process of separating different objects using a magnet.
Classification of Matter
Compounds
A pure substance made up of 2 or more different elements that are chemically bonded together
Molecules
A group of 2 or more atoms in an element held together by chemical bonds
Elements
A pure substance made up of only 1 type of atom
Mixtures
A combination of 2 or more substances that are not chemically bonded together
Heterogenous mixture
Composition is not uniform throughout the mixture and components are easily distinguishable.
Solution
A type of mixture in which a substance (solute) is dissolved in another substance (solvent)
Homogenous mixture
A combination of substances where composition is uniform throughout the mixture and components cannot be seen with the naked eye.
Colloids
A type of mixture where small particles of 1 substance are evenly dispersed throughout another substance
Suspension
A type of mixture in which solid particles are evenly dispersed throughout a liquid and tends to settle over time
Measuring Physical Quantities
Physical quantities
A property of matter that can be quantified by measurement.
Temperature
the amount of space occupied by an object
Can be measured through a graduated cylinder
Time
the measure of hotness or coldness of matter
Can be measured using a thermometer
Mass
the amount of matter in an object
Can be measured using a triple beam balance