Module 1: Matter in its Various Form
The three states of matter
Liquid
Gas
Solid
Definite shape and volume, has rigidity and has highest density
definite volume but an indefinite shape and it also has flowability.
indefinite shape and volume, is highly diffusive and has the lowest density of all states of matter
Changes in state of matter
Condensation
Evaporation
Freezing
Sublimation
Melting
Deposition
when a substance changes from solid to liquid at its melting point.
when a substance changes from liquid to liquid at its freezing point.
when a substance changes from gas to liquid when the vapor touches a cold surface.
when a substance changes from liquid to gas even at temperatures below its boiling point.
when a substance changes directly from solid to gas
when a substance changes directly from gas to solid
Separation and Purification
Filtration
Distillation
Centrifugation
Chromatography
Cyclonic separation
Diffusion
Drying
Magnet separation technique
Process of the random motion of molecules moving from an area of high to low concentration.
Process of separating solids from fluids using a medium where only the fluid can pass.
Process of converting a liquid to gas and condense into liquid again to purify it.
The separating of dissolved substances by different reactions.
Process of using a centrifuge to separate solids and liquids or fluids of different densities.
Process of creating a vortex to remove particulates from a gas or liquid.
Removing of liquid from a solid through evaporation
Process of separating different objects using a magnet.
Hydro Cyclone
Gas cyclone
used to remove particulates from liquid and/or separate fluids from different densities
Used to remove particulates gas and/or entrained particles from a gas stream
Classification of Matter
Compounds
Molecules
Elements
A pure substance made up of only 1 type of atom
A group of 2 or more atoms in an element held together by chemical bonds
A pure substance made up of 2 or more different elements that are chemically bonded together
Mixtures
A combination of 2 or more substances that are not chemically bonded together
Heterogenous mixture
Solution
Homogenous mixture
Colloids
A combination of substances where composition is uniform throughout the mixture and components cannot be seen with the naked eye.
Composition is not uniform throughout the mixture and components are easily distinguishable.
A type of mixture in which a substance (solute) is dissolved in another substance (solvent)
Suspension
A type of mixture where small particles of 1 substance are evenly dispersed throughout another substance
A type of mixture in which solid particles are evenly dispersed throughout a liquid and tends to settle over time
Measuring Physical Quantities
Physical quantities
A property of matter that can be quantified by measurement.
Temperature
Time
Mass
the amount of matter in an object
the amount of space occupied by an object
the measure of hotness or coldness of matter
Can be measured using a triple beam balance
Can be measured through a graduated cylinder
Can be measured using a thermometer