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Developmental Psychology - Coggle Diagram
Developmental Psychology
Theorists
Erikson
Theroy of Psychosocial Theory: His theory expands upon and complements the work of Sigmund Freud by emphasizing the importance of social and cultural influences on an individual's psychological development.
Psychosocial
Parenting
encourage..
Peer Interactions: Interacting with peers their own age Is crucial for development during this time. Positive relationships are developed and appropriate social skills are developed.
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Marcia's Identity Status
4 Identity Status' that each Individual can fall under. It Is when Individuals are actively exploring commitment and crisis.
Identity Diffusion: people have not yet experienced crisis and are Indifferent about the future and apathetic
Identity Foreclosure: Individuals made a commitment without crisis. More than likely are Inheriting values
Identity Moratorium: Individuals are actively exploring and experiencing crises In life. They try experiences that are out of their norm
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Vygotsky
Sociocultural theory. emphasizes the role of social interaction, culture, and the zone of proximal development in cognitive development.
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Piaget
Cognitive Development: as the child grows and develops, the way they think begins to evolve and change as they are exposed to more as they grow.
Cognitive
Milestones
Years 0-2
Fine Motor Skills: small muscle groups, precise movement, require dexterity and accuracy. Hand eye coordination movements
Gross Motor Skills: large muscle groups, coordination of working together, deal with physical fitness and stability of body movements
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Middle Childhood
Importance of Education
A child getting an education at this point In their lives Is crucial. They are being exposed to lots of new stimuli. These are crucial for brain development and neuro-connections
Develop a sense of self and Independence. The child will begin to problem solve and learn how to do things on their own.
Puberty
Stage One(around 8)
Stage Two(9-11)
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Parenting
Parenting Styles
Authoritative: Parents have high demands and high responsiveness to demands. This parents set clear rules and boundaries. They are responsive to the child's needs and it can grow into an open communication style.
Authoritarian: Parents have high demands and low responsiveness to demands. They tend to force rules without any explanation. They prioritize discipline and obedience and take more of a "dictatorial" approach. They are not as emotionally responsive and nurturing of their child.
Permissive: Parents have low demands and high responsiveness to demands. These parents are typically more Indulgent and set very few rules and boundaries with their children. They are very nurturing, which can create a struggle to enforce consistent discipline.
Neglectful: Parents have low demands and low responsiveness. They are emotionally detached and uninvolved. Children that have neglectful parents lack guidance and support.
Food Recommendations: Children need to eat the food pryamid to ensure they are getting essential vitamens and nutrients during this crucial time of growth
Activity Recommendations: Parents should promote play for their children. Active play promotes the ability for the child to explore and give them to opportunity to be creative. It enables the child to reach certain milestones.
Brofenbrenner
Ecological Systems Theory. This theory focuses on the complex interplay between an individual and their environment, emphasizing how various layers of the environment influence human development.
Freud
The founder of psychoanalysis theory. He also Introduced the structure of the mind, psychosexual development, defense mechanisms, Id, ego, superego, the Oedipus complex and dream analysis
Skinner
Worked In behaviorism. His theory focuses on how behavior is shaped and controlled by its consequences. Skinner's ideas are associated with the principles of reinforcement and punishment.
Bandura
Best known for his social learning theory and self efficacy. As we develop, behaviors and attitudes change through observation, modeling and self belief.