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Classifications of speech acts. - Coggle Diagram
Classifications of speech acts.
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Further Classifications
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- Direct Speech Acts: The illocutionary force matches the grammatical form (e.g., "Close the window.")
- Indirect Speech Acts: The illocutionary force is indirect and implied (e.g., "Could you close the window?")
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- Locutionary Acts: Utterances and their literal meanings.
- Illocutionary Acts: Speaker's intention or the intended speech act.
- Perlocutionary Acts: Effect on the listener/reader.
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- Constatives: Statements that can be evaluated as true or false.
- Performatives: Utterances that perform the action they describe (e.g., "I promise," "I apologize").
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- Primary Speech Acts: Directly convey the intended meaning.
- Secondary Speech Acts: Convey additional meaning, often implied or indirect.
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- Definition: Soften the force of the speech act to sound more polite or less direct.
- Examples: Requests with hedging (e.g., "Could you please..."), suggestions with deference (e.g., "Maybe we could consider...").
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