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Ancient Egypt A.S.P.I.R.E | By: Brianna Falomir and Siri Putido, Dried…

- - - - 4,000 miles long
      - Shaped like a lotus flower
      - Nile would often flood
      - Black, rich, fertile soil (silt) was left behind
      - Black, rich soil left behind by the Nile was called the "Gift of the Nile"
      - World's longest river
    - - Lower Egypt is wetter and more fertile
        
        Northern Egypt borders the sea
        
        Upper Egypt is the Southern part of the country, bordering on Nubia
        
        Lower Egypt is the Northern part of the
        
        Upper Egypt is the drier and more mountainous part
        
        Nile forms a 'V' shape
    - - The Nile River cuts its way through the deserts of Egypt.
      - The Egyptians used the fertile soil to grow their fields of wheat and barley
      - During yearly floods the rich black soil, or kemet, was left behind.
      - Water that poured into these canals flowed to the fields, irrigating the land.
      - Once the floods receded and the fields dried, the plants would wither and die.
        
        The Egyptians solved this problem by digging canals.
- - - - The pharaoh appointed a chief minister
        
        scribes worked with vizers who kept government records.
      - in ancient Egypt — they could read and write.
  - - - below the pharaoh in status were powerful nobles and priests.
        
        Only nobles could hold government posts
        
        Nobles enjoyed great status and also grew wealthy from donations to the gods.
        
        Priests were responsible for pleasing the gods.
  - - - entrusted their rulers with many responsibilities.
        
        The pharaoh directed the army in case of a foreign threat or an internal conflict.
        
        grain was used to feed the people in the event of a famine.
        
        All laws were enacted at the discretion of the pharaoh.
        
        Each farmer paid taxes in the form of grain
        
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  - - - soldiers also supervised the peasants, farmers, and slaves while they were building structures as pyramids and palaces.
        
        Skilled workers such as doctors and craftspersons were middle class
        
        Craftspersons made and sold jewelry, pottery, papyrus products, tools, and other useful things.
        
        merchants and storekeepers bought goods from artisans and traders then sold these goods to the public.
  - - - mom puts down charcoal and powdered bebet-plant to kill the fleas.
  - - - children are arguing and pulling each other's hair
        
        starts grinding emmet wheat to make flour for the bread.
        
        go out and look for wild honey, which she uses to sweeten food , to get the house quiet.
        
        She lights the conical mud fire
        
        adds water to make dough,
        
        rounds off into flat loaves and then puts in the oven.
        
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  - - - Everything is put in a clay pot and goes into the oven.
      - day is based on the rise and set of the sun
      - the children bring back some honey
- - - - UPPER AND LOWER EGYPT UNITED
        
        the ruler of Upper Egypt, conquered Lower Egypt
        
        every ruler of Ancient Egypt referred to himself as King of Upper and Lower Egypt and wore a crown made up of the white crown of Upper Egypt and the red crown of Lower Egypt to symbolize this important union.
        
        just as Washington D.C. was built at the midway point of the thirteen original American states
        
        Menes was killed one day when he was wounded by a hippopotamus while hunting in the Nile River Delta.
        
        the unification of the two kingdoms had been firmly established, and it would endure for a very long time.
      - PROMINENT PHARAOHS
        
        AKHENATEN
        
        akhenaten was the pharaoh that changed Egypt and pushed his people towards a new religion--the belief in one god the Aten
        
        RAMSES II
        
        Cleopatra represented herself as a version of the goddess Isis.
        
        Cleopatra was said to be a great beauty and used this to her advantage
        
        Cleopatra aligned herself with Julius Caesar of Rome.
        
        her affair with Mark Anthony has become legendary
        
        Cleopatra's intelligence and political astuteness may be the most interesting pieces of information of all regarding this female pharaoh.
        
        TUT
        
        He is probably the most prolific of the ancient Egyptian pharaohs, siring over more 100 children with more than a dozen wives.
        
        Tut's tomb was very small compared to the tombs of other pharaohs.
        
        Hatshepsut
        
        Hatshepsut proves that even in an ancient culture dominated by men, women were capable of making their own mark on the world.
        
        took control of the throne following the death of her father
        
        Hatshepsut ruled for 20 years
        
        she proceeded to expand trade relations and build a number of impressive temples.
        
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        Khufu
        
        – Khufu was the pharaoh that decided to build the largest pyramid in Ancient Egypt.
        
        referred to as “Ramses the Great” because he had power for over 70 years
        
        Ramses II was one of the greatest Ancient Egyptian pharaohs.
      - SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT
        
        Every civilization is built upon rules and regulations.
        
        in ancient Egypt, government revolved heavily around a single figure, the pharaoh.
        
        Pharoh believed to be a living god.
        
        This status basically granted the pharaoh virtually limitless power and control over his subjects.
        
        The type of government in ancient Egypt was a theocracy.
        
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- - - - Hieroglyphs are a system of picture writing called hieroglyphics.
      - Hieroglyphs are part of a system of picture writing called hieroglyphics
        
        pictures later came to represent ideas.
        
        the sound of a spoken word used to it describe it.
  - - - The conventions for reading and writing numbers is quite simple
      - higher number is always written in front of the lower number
- - - - at one point the entire Earth was covered with dark, chaotic waters called nun, one day a mound of earth emerged from the waters
        
        Ra was the most important god -Ra became the sun god.
    - - Anubis
        
        Anubis was the jackal-headed god of embalming and mummification
        
        He was identified with the jackal because in the western deserts where the Egyptians often buried their dead, jackals were seen roaming about
        
        Anubis became the god presiding over the art of mummification and protecting the dead.
- - - - workers were paid in wheat, barley and, occasionally, in craft products like pottery, clothes, etc.
        
        if a peasant paid with barley, the seller could sell that barley to obtain other products.
        
        Trade was important to Egypt
        
        goods were exported to and imported from countries around the Mediterranean Sea, Aegean Sea and the Red Sea.
        
        Silver, iron, cedar logs and horses were imported from the Levant.
        
        Ivory, copper, cattle, leopard skins and spices were imported from Nubia in the south.
        
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  - - - Crafts were produced in small shops.
        
        wares included linen textiles, pottery, bricks, tools, glass, weapons, furniture, jewelry, perfume, rope, baskets, mats and writing material.
        
        Egypt had a substantial output of mineral products, like limestone, sandstone, granite; copper, gold, tin and gems.
        
        Things like the mask of Tut Links to an external site.showed respect to Pharaohs.
        
        Carvings of gods showed respect to the gods
        
        Craftsmen usually worked for the wealthier people,
        
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  - - - agriculture was the main economic activity.
        
        The main crops of Ancient Egypt were wheat and barley,
        
        lettuce, beans, onions, figs, dates, grapes, melons and cucumbers were also the main crops of ancient egypt
        
        Flax was grown by many farmers
        
        Flax was used for the production of linens.
        A Day in the Life of a Farmer
    - - rough linen sheet that was woven by my wife.
        
        life depends on the sun
        
        breakfast of bread and fruit
        
        I go to work, my wife starts to grind the wheat to make bread
        
        Needs are given to the temple as payment for the use of the land.
        
        I fill several baskets and load them onto donkeys then I deliver them to the temple with my two field workers.
        
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