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MAD - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Bowlby (1977) > starts forming in infancy > role of attachment influences later life behaviours
      - Mary Ainsworth (1978)
        
        Created: ABCD model
        
        A >
        
        B >
        
        C >
        
        D >
        
        Strange situation (1978): Observation with parent, child & stranger. (Tested by leaving the child in the room with the stranger > wait for response from child)
      - Pat Crittenden
    - - predictable in all humans
      - activated by specific conditions > seek the care of attachment figures* (i.e. sudden separation from an attachment figure, loud noise, ill health/pain)*
      - Survival function
      - Only functions effectively within a social system > where they are able to draw on support of others
    - - Secure > feel free to explore the world > Caregivers perceived to be protective & predictable
      - Insecure avoidant > world is seen as unsafe > Caregivers perceived to be insensitive or indifferent > May perceive others as indifferent or rejecting, leading to avoidance of social relations
      - Insecure ambivalent/resistant > extreme reactions, exaggerate distress to increase proximity with caregiver > Caregiver seen as inconsistent & unpredictable > anxiety within society
      - Disorganized > associated with externalizing behaviors > unpredictable; more extreme response, hope for a response from parents
      - Difficulties in insecure attachment
        
        Less able to resolve problems
        
        Difficulty establishing & maintaining friendships
        
        More rejections & less support from peers or caregivers
        
        Difficulty with emotional regulation when exposed to stressors
        
        > These difficulties increase children's vulnerability > Mood & Ax difficulties
        
        Associated with anxiety:
        
        Colonnessi et al.2011 > Association stronger for adolescence, compared to children in early & middle childhood
        
        Stronger in adolescence due to: societal norms, hormones