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Ancient Egypt ASPIRE by Janelle Stuppi & Adriana Brandstaetter -…
Ancient Egypt ASPIRE by Janelle Stuppi & Adriana Brandstaetter
Area
Irrigation and flooding
Egyptians used fertile soil to grow their fields.
to lift water they used a shaduf
when water is poured into canals
Upper and lower eygpt
"The Two Lands"
Lower Egypt is the northern part of the country
Upper Egypt is the southern part of the country
Nile River
longest river
shaped like a lotus flower
when the Nile would flood, black rich fertile soil was left behind.
Social Structure
The Highest Class
Protection was at the top of the list
Each farmer paid taxes in form of grain
All laws were enacted at the discretion of the pharaoh
Viziers and Scribes
No one could manage all duties of the pharaoh themselves
The pharaoh appointed a vizier as a supervisor
Working with the vizier were scribes who kept government records
Nobles
Below pharaoh in status were powerful nobles and priests
Priests were responsible for pleasing the gods
Nobles grew wealthy from donations to the gods.
The Middle Class
Skilled workers such as doctors and craftspersons made it up the middle class
Soldiers supervised the peasants, farmer, and slaves that were building pyramids and palaces
Craftspersons were people who sold jerelry, pottery, papyrus products, toold, and other useful things.
The lowest Class
Slaves and farmers
Slavery became the fate of those capture as prisoners at war
Farmers tended the fields, raised animals, and kept canals and reservoirs in good order.
A Day in the Life of a Woman
Cleans everyday
Cooks
Stay home and takes care of children
Politics
System of Government
government revolved around the pharaoh
The government type was a theocracy
Pharaohs had limitless power and control over his subjects
Upper and Lower Egypt United
King Menes ruled Upper Egypt, conquered Lower Egypt, and became one kingdom.
Menes wore a crown symbolizing Upper and Lower Egypt
King Menes built a capital city at Memphis
Prominent Pharaohs
Akhenaten was the pharaoh that changed Egypt
Khufu decided to build the largest pyramid in Ancient Egypt
King Tut became pharaoh at 9 years old
Ramses II had power for over 70 years
Ideas, inventions and culture
Hieroglyphics
People used pictures to communicate
Pictograms were pictures that represent the actual picture
Actual Egyptian hieroglyphs were a combination of sound-signs, pictograms, and ideograms
Egyptian Math
Used 7 different symbols
Higher number is always written in the front
Egyptians invented a decimal system
Building the Pyramids
Great pyramid is the only ancient wonder still standing
Great Pyramid is over 450 feet tall
Scientist estimated that 20,000- 30,000 people spent 80 years building the pyramid at Giza
Religion
Mummification
Egyptians preserved the body in order to reach the afterlife
Body was filled with sawdust or sand to keep original shape
Removed internal organs and dry them
The Afterlife & Weighing of the Heart
You had to earn your way to a heavenly place
Every Egyptian feared Ammut
Your spirit had to enter the Hall of Maat to continue your trip to the afterlife
Economics
Trade
Trade was important to Egypt
Egyptians paid with wheat and barley
Main exports from Egypt were gold, wheat, barley, and papyrus sheets
Crafts
Craftsmen usually worked for wealthier people
Carving of gods showed respect
Crafts were produced in small shops
Agriculture
Main crops were wheat and barley
Main economic activity
Flax was grown by farmers