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THERE IS NO CHANGE IN THE VERB TENSES IN REPORTED SPEECH - Coggle Diagram
THERE IS NO CHANGE IN THE VERB TENSES IN REPORTED SPEECH
A GENERAL TRUTH OR PERMANENT STATES AND CONDITIONS
DIRECT: MY MOTHER SAID, "IT GETS DARKER EARLIER IN THE WINTER."
REPORTED: MY MOTHER SAID (THAT) IT GETS DARK EARLIER IN THE WINTER.
INTRODUCTORY VERB IS IN THE PRESENT, FUTURE, PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
DIRECT: SHE SAYS/ WILL SAY/ HAS SAID, "I CAN COOK WELL."
REPORTED: SHE SAYS/ WILL SAY/ HAS SAID (THAT) SHE CAN COOK WELL.
UNREAL PAST
DIRECT 1: HE SAID, "I WOULD RATHER GO OUT FOR DINNER.
REPORTED 1: HE SAID (THAT) HE WOULD RATHER GO OUT FOR DINNER.
DIRECT 2: SHE SAID, "IT'S TIME WE WENT HOME."
REPORTED 2: SHE SAID (THAT) IT WAS TIME THEY WENT HOME.
PAST SIMPLE OR PAST CONTINUOUS IN A CLAUSE OF TIME
DIRECT: SHE SAID, "WHEN I WAS SWIMMING, I GOT CRAMP."
REPORTED: SHE SAID (THAT) WHEN SHE WAS SWIMMING, SHE GOT CRAMP.
TRUE AND FALSE
TRUE
DIRECT: HE SAID, "ETHIOPIA IS A THIRD-WORLD COUNTRY." (TRUE)
REPORTED: HE SAID (THAT) ETHIOPIA IS/WAS A THIRD-WORLD COUNTRY
CHANGED OR UNCHANGED
FALSE
DIRECT: HE SAID, "ETHIOPIA IS A HIGHLY DEVELOPED COUNTRY." (FALSE)
REPORTED: HE SAID (THAT) ETHIOPIA WAS A HIGHLY DEVELOPED COUNTRY.
CHANGED
UP-TO-DATE REPORTING
DIRECT: ANNE SAID, "I HAVE GOT A HEADACHE."
REPORTED: ANNE SAID (THAT) SHE HAS GOT A HEADACHE.