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Signal transduction, Recruit signaling protein to membrane 方法 - Coggle…
Signal transduction
Extracellular to intracellular
Transmembrane receptors
Protein kinases
Ex. tyrosine kinases
Ligand binds to surface receptor
Phosphorylating its intracellular part
活化的 kinase 再去磷酸化 downstream substrates
Protein phosphatases
Dephosphorylation
Intracellular
Multiprotein signaling complexes
Scaffold proteins
無酵素活性、大分子、召集其他 protein
活化的 kinase 磷酸化 scaffold protein
Scaffold protein 召集其他 protein 並 bind 上
Adaptor proteins
無酵素活性、小分子、as a linker
透過 protein interaction domains 結合到 signaling protein
Adaptor protein 帶著 signaling protein 結合到活化的 kinase 上
Protein interaction domains
Ex. Src homology 2 domain (SH2)
Small G proteins
是 monomeric GTP-binding proteins Ex. Ras
Signaling 活化 GEFs,並把跟 Ras 結合的 GDP 換成 GTP
活化的 Ras 再去活化 effector molecule
活化的 Ras 經過水解把 GTP 換成 GDP
Post-translational modifications
可以 activate、inhibit signaling responses
Ubiquitin
用 SHP 去磷酸化以磷酸化的 substrate
被 ubiquitin ligase 結合到的 substrate 會被 proteasome 或 lysosome 分解
Amplification by kinase cascades
Recruit signaling protein to membrane 方法
Protein kinases 的活化以及後續的 SH2、adaptor 的召集
Small G proteins 的活化
PI 3-kinase 磷酸化 PIP2,產生 PIP3,然後 Akt、Itk 結合上來