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Reported/ Indirect speech - Coggle Diagram
Reported/ Indirect speech
Phân biệt
Câu trực tiếp
Định nghĩa:
Là lời nhắc lại những từ ngữ chính xác 1 ai đó phát ngôn ra.
Khi viết câu trực tiếp được đặt trong dấu ngoặc kép
VD: Mai said: "I want to be a designer"
Câu tường thuật/ Câu gián tiếp
Định nghĩa:
Là lời nhắc lại nội dung, ý của ai đó nói ra( nhưng không cần phải chính xác những từ ngữ)
Khi viết chúng ta sử dụng các động từ giới thiệu nội dung được tường thuật (say, tell,...)
VD: Mai said she wanted to be a designer
Quy tắc chuyển đổi
Biến đổi ngôi, tân ngữ
Tính từ sở hữu
my -> his/her
your -> my/ his/her/ our/ their
our -> our/ their
Đại từ sở hữu
Mine -> his/ hers
Yours -> mine/ his/ hers/ ours/ theirs
Đại từ tân ngữ
me -> him/her
you -> me/ him/ her/ us/ them
us -> us/ them
Đại từ chủ ngữ
I -> he/she
You -> I/ he/ she/ we/ they
We -> we/ they
Từ chỉ định
This -> the/ that
these -> the/ those
Biến đổi cụm từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn
Next + time -> the following + time
VD: next week -> the following week
this + time -> that + time
VD: this week -> that week
yesterday -> previous day/ the day before
last + time -> the time + before/ The previous + time
VD: last week -> the week before/ the previous week
ago -> before
Here -> There
Now -> then
Today/ Tonight -> that day/ that night
Tomorrow -> The next day/ the following day
Lùi thì
will -> would
can -> could
Present perfect continuous/ Past continuous -> Pas perfect continuous
may -> might
Present perfect/ Past simple/ Past Perfect -> Past perfect
must -> had to
Present continuous -> Past continuous
Present simple -> Past simple
Ví dụ: Mary said: "I
am
tired" -> Mary said she
was
tired
Một số loại câu tường thuật
Câu hỏi tường thuật
Yes/ No questions
Cấu trúc:
asked (O)/ Wondered/ wanted to know + if/whether + S + V
VD: "Do you study E well?" Mary asked Mai
-> Mary asked Mai if/ whether she studied E well
WH questions
Cấu trúc:
Asked (O)/ wondered/ wanted to know + WH + S + V
VD: "What did you say?" she asked
-> She asked what I had said
Câu tường thuật yêu cầu/ mệnh lệnh
Cấu trúc:
Asked/ told/ begged/ requested/ urged + O + (not) to V
VD: "Can you help me with my homework. please?" , she asked me
-> She asked me to help her with her homework.
Câu tường thuật trần thuật
Cấu trúc:
said + (that) + S +V
said + to + O + ( that) + S + V
told + O + (that) + S + V
Ví dụ:
Kate said: " I will study harder"
-> Kate said that she would study harder
"I want to go home"
-> She told me she wanted to go home
-> She said (that) she wanted to come home
Câu tường thuật lời khuyên
Cấu trúc:
Advised + O + (not) + to + V
Advised that S + should + V
VD: "You should see the dentist". said Mai
-> Mai advised me to see the dentist
= Mai advised that I should see the dentist