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Everyday Problem Solving and Emotion: An Adult Developmental Perspective -…
Everyday Problem Solving and Emotion: An Adult Developmental Perspective
Everyday Problem Solving
Age Differences and Effectivenes
Instrumental Strategies
Tendency for action-oriented rather than passive strategies across age-groups
Older adults use more instrumental, less passive and more effective strategies than young adults
Passive emotion-regulation strategies
Preference in older adults if it is contingent with whether the emotional demands of the problem situation are high
Effectiveness of strategy choice
Older adults are more effective than younger adults in choice of strategy
Younger adults are less effective in their strategy preference for interpersonal problems
Depends on the whether the problem involves a generative or autonomy goal
Young adults: More matches between autonomy goals and self-focused problem solving
Older adults: Higher degree of goal-strategy match between generative goals and other-focused problem solving
Older adults report to be better at solving social problems and emotion regulation
Assessing Everyday Problem-Solving
Psychometric intelligence tradition, focus on well-structured problems with one single correct solution
Older adults fare poorly on these tasks
Socio-emotional nature of ill-structured problems, require individuals to appraise the causes and demands of the situation and decide among different solutions based on trade-off
Older adults show better performance in these tasks due to their increased experience in socioemotional realms
Emotion Regulation
Predictors of Emotion-Regulation Strategies
Affectively Complex Individuals:
those who are able to integrate emotional and cognitive aspects of themselves and their environment
Older adults with lower affect complexity: more likely to use passive emotion-regulation strategies
Preference determined by the level of affect complexity and context
Caused by their ability to balance emotion regulation with proactive instrumental strategies
Individuals who are more expressive: more likely to rely on direct, action-regulated strategies
Emotion
: Jointly reflects internal states and external contexts
Passive emotion regulation strategies may play a beneficial role for adaptive functioning in older adulthood
Anger
Higher in intensity, requires greater allocation of resources toward proactive strategies to reduce arousal
Sadness
More tolerable, less allocation of resources to proactively regulate it