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Organic chemistry, Nomenclature - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Single C-C and C-H bonds
      - saturated (contain the max numb of hydrogen atoms possible)
    - - suffix "-ane" and prefix indicate numb of carbon atoms
  - - - at least one C-C double bond
      - Unsaturated hydrocarbons (fewer hydrogen atoms than Alkanes)
    - - suffix "-ene"
      - prefix - numb of carbon atoms
      - number before the name or within the name: position of the double bond. Ex: 1-butene, but-1-ene
  - - - at least one C-C triple bond
      - unsaturated hydrocarbons
    - - suffix "-yne" and prefix indicate numb of carbon atoms
      - numb before or within the name : position of the triple bond, e.g: 1-butyne
  - - - contain a hydroxyl functional group (OH)
      - (OH) bonded to a carbon atom
    - - suffix "-ol" and prefix = numb of carbon atoms in the parent chain
      - numb before or within the name: position of hydroxyl group, e.g: 1-propanol, propane-1-ol
  - - - a carbonyl functional group (C=O) bonded to a terminal carbon atom and a hydrogen atom
    - - suffix "-al" and prefix = numb of carbon atoms in the parent chain
      - no position numb is needed as carbonyl group ALWAYS at the end of the parent chain
- - - - contain a functional group (C=O) bonded to two carbon atoms within the parent chain
    - - suffix "-one" and prefix "numb or carbon atoms in the parent chain
      - numb before or within the name: position of the carbonyl group
  - - - contain a carboxyl functional group (COOH) bonded to a carbon atom
    - - suffix "-oic acid" and prefix "numb of carbon atoms in the parent chain
      - ALWAYS at the end of the parent chain (no position numb is needed)
  - - - contain a carbonyl functional group (C=O) bonded to an alkyl group and an oxygen atom, which is bonded to another alkyl group (RCOOR')
    - - The alkyl group boned to the oxygen atom and the parent chain containing the carbonyl group (RCOO-)
      - Name of the alkyl group (R') is followed by the name of the parent chain, ends with suffix "-oate" e.g: methyl ethanoate
  - - - Contain a nitrogen atom bonded to 1-3 carbon atoms or hydrogen atoms
    - - suffix "-amine" and prefix "numb of carbon atoms in the parent chain, e.g: methanamine
      - The position of the nitrogen atom is specified with a numb before the name or within (e.g: 1-propanamine)
  - - - Carbonyl functional group (C=O) bonded to a nitrogen atom, can be bonded yp hydrogen atoms or alkyl groups.
    - - suffix '-amide" and prefix indicate numb of carbon atoms.
      - If nitrogen bonded to alkyl groups -> named as substituents with the prefix "N-" before the alkyl group name, e.g. N-methylpropanamide
- - - - dur to third covalent bond in the same location
      - more electron dense
    - - triple bond are easily polarised -> induced dipole-dipole forces
        
        increase overall attraction between molecules
      - less C-H bonds
        
        molecules can move closer together -> increasing the strength of their intermolecular forces.
- - - - Ethers and Alcohols
        
        e.g: ethanol and dimethyl ether
      - Aldehydes and ketones (not position isomers)
        
        e.g. propanal and propanone
      - Carboxylic acids and esters
        
        E.g. propanoic acid has two functional group: ethyl methanoate and methyl ethanoate