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Isaac Medina Per.2 Skeletal System - Coggle Diagram
Isaac Medina Per.2 Skeletal System
Names of all the bones
Axial
Skull(Frontal,Parietal,Temporal,Sphenoid,Ethmoid,Nasal,Lacrimal,Vomer,Zygomatic,Maxilla,Mandible,Hyoid),Vertebrae,Sternum,Ribs,Vertebrae,Sacrum,Coccyx
Appendicular
Shoulder Girdle(Clavicle,Scapula), Arm Bones(Humerus,Ulna,Radius,Carpals,Metacarpals,Phalanges), Pelvic Girdle(Hip Bone) Leg Bones(Femur,Patella,Tibia,Fibula,Tarsals,Metatarsals,Phalanges)
Types of bones
Long Bones
Long bones function as levers, they move when muscles contract. Longer than it is wide,Arms(humerus,ulna,radius),Legs(femur,tibia,fibula),Fingers(metacarpals,phalanges),Toes(metatarsals,phalanges).
Short bones
Short bone is cube-like in shape, approximately equal in length, width, and thickness. The carpals(Wrist),Tarsals(ankles), provide stability and support as well as some limited motion.
Flat Bones
Typically thin and often curved. Cranial(skull), Scapulae(shoulder blades), Sternum(breastbone), and the ribs.Serve as a point of attachment for muscles and often protect internal organs.
Irregular bones
Not an easily classified shape and defies description. More complex shape like the (Vertebrae) and supports the spinal cord and protect it from compressive forces.Many facial bones like the sinuses are irregular.
Anatomy of the long bone
A bone that has a shaft and 2 ends and is longer than it is wide. Long bones have a thick outside layer of compact bone and an inner medullary cavity containing bone marrow. The ends of a long bone contain spongy bone and an epiphyseal line.
Has two parts: The diaphysis and the epiphysis. Diaphysis-tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of a bone. The hollow region in the diaphysis is the medullary cavity, which is filled with yellow marrow. Epiphysis-enlarged wide end of a long bone that articulates with other bones at joints and this portion is only found on the ends of a long bone.Widened to strengthen joints and allow for ligaments and tendons to attach.
Microscopic Anatomy Of Bone Tissue
Bone is mineralized connective tissue into four types of cells like, osteoblasts, bone lining cells, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. Bone exerts important functions in the body such as locomotion, support and protection of soft tissues, calcium and phosphate storage, and harboring of bone marrow.
Bone Remodeling
Remodeling entails the resorption of old or damaged bone, followed by the deposition of new bone material.The removal of mineralized bone by osteoclasts followed by the formation of bone matrix through the osteoblasts that subsequently becomes mineralized.
Bone Fracture Repair
Bone fracture repair is a surgery to fix a broken bone using metal screws, pins, rods, or plates to hold the bone in place.
Joints
There are six classifications; hinge(elbow),saddle (carpometacarpal joint),Planar(acromioclavicular joint),Pivot(atlantoaxial joint),Condyloid(metacarpophalangeal joint),and ball and socket(hip joint)
Movements allowed by Synovial Joints
Synovial joints allow bones to slide past each other or to rotate around each other. There are several types of movements such as angular movements, including flexion(close). extensions(open), hyperextensions, abduction(away), adduction(towards), and rotation.
Differences Between Male and Female Skeleton
Bone mass, density, structure and length differ in a male and female body. Female bones are lighter, and their pelvic cavities are broader to support childbirth, whereas male bones are heavier and sturdier.
Disorders/Diseases
Osteoarthritis
Protective cartilage at ends of bones wears down
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
A genetic disorder that causes brittle bones
Osteosarcoma
Malignant bone tumor
Osteomyelitis
An infection in the bone
Paget's Disease
Metabolic bone disease affecting the break down and rebuilding of bone