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Sharon Mayorga, period 2, Skeletal System - Coggle Diagram
Sharon Mayorga, period 2, Skeletal System
Bones in the body
Axial skeleton
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Ribcage
Ribs: 12 pairs, first 7 pairs are called to be true ribs and last 5 pair are said to be false ribs ( the last 2 pairs of these 5 false ribs are also floating ribs since they don't attach to sternum)
((BREAST BONE)) Sternum: made up of 3 portions -> manubrium, body, xiphoid bone
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Bone remodeling
Protects the structural integrity of the skeletal system and metabolically contributes to the body's balance of calcium and phosphorus
Entails the reabsorption of old or damaged bone, followed by the deposition of new bone material
Bone fracture repair
When a bone breaks, blood vessels in it rupture, and the peritosteum is likely to tear
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Within days/weeks, developing blood vessels and large numbers of osteoblasts originating in the peristeum invade the heratoma
Osteoblasts rapidly divide in the regions close to the new blood vessels, building spongy bone nearby
Granulation tissue develops in regions farther from a blood supply, fibroblasts produce masses of fibrocartilage
Phagocytic cells begin to remove the blood clot as well as any dead or damaged cells in the affected area
Osteoblasts also appear and resorb bone fragments, aiding in "cleaning up" debris
Casts are also helpful, screws and plates internally to align healing bone parts
Joints
Ball-and-socket joint
consists of a bone with a globular or egg-shaped head articulating with the cup-shaped cavity of another bone
Allows widest range of motion, including movement in all planes
Condylar joint
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permits back and forth and side to side movements within 2 planes, but not rotation
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Hinge joint
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allows movements in 1 plane, like hinge of a door
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Saddle joint
found between bones that have both concave and convex areas in their articulating surfaces; bones have complementary surfaces
permits a variety of movements, mostly in 2 planes
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Disorders/diseases
Osteoarthritis
causes: older age, bone deformities, obesity
symptoms: tenderness, pain, and stiffness
Treatment: over the counter medication, surgery, physical therapy
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Osteogenesis imperfecta
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causes: frequent fractures, easily bruised, deafness
symptoms: blue sclera, muscle weakness, micrognathia
Treatment: uncurable, improved nutrition, bone marrow transplant
Osteosarcoma
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causes: age, heredity, radiotherapy for unrelated conditions
symptoms: bone fracture, bone pain, swelling
Treatment: surgery, chemotherapy, limb amputation
Osteomyelitis
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causes: IV catheterization, direct contamination, circulatory
symptoms: chills, fever, swelling
treatment: antibiotics, amputation, surgical drainage
Paget's disease
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causes: exact cause is unknown, possible viral infection, sex-men more common
symptoms: hip pain in pelvis, tingling and numbness in spine, bone deforming in legs/arms
treatment: medication, surgery, joint replacement