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Skeletal System Rose Bui-Luu - Period 2 - Coggle Diagram
Skeletal System
Rose Bui-Luu - Period 2
Anatomy of the Long Bone
Diaphysis - shaft of bone
Epiphysis (Distal/Proximal) - ends of bones
Epiphyseal Line
ossified epiphyseal plate
Articular Cartilage
hyaline cartilage; covers epiphyses
Spongy Bone
fills epiphysis
Red Bone Marrow
in spongy bone; produces blood cells
Yellow Bone Marrow
fills the medullary cavity
Compact Bone
makes up wall of diaphysis
Medullary Cavity
chamber of the diaphysis
Endosteum - lines of medullary cavity
Trabeculae - branching bony plates in spongy bone
Periosteum
dense connective tissue that covers the bone
Types of Bones
Short
almost = in length and width
EX: bones of wrists and ankles, patella
Flat
plate-like shape with broad surface
EX: ribs, scapula, flattened skull bones, coxal bone, some facial bones
Long
long w/ expanded ends
EX: arm + leg bones
Irregular
varied shape
EX: vertebrae, some facial bones
Bones of the Skeleton
Axial Skeleton
Skull
Face
Bones
Vomer Bone
Zygomatic Bone (Cheekbones)
Mandible (Lower Jawbone)
Maxillae (Upper Jawbone)
Palatine Bones
Lacrimal Bones
Inferior Nasal Conchae
Nasal Bones
Sinuses
Frontal Sinus
Maxillary Sinus
Sphenoidal Sinus
Ethmoidal Air Cells
Cranium
Bones
Parietal Bone
Occipital Bone
Frontal Bone
Temporal Bone
Sphenoid Bone
Ethmoid Bone
Sutures
Lambdoid Suture
Coronal Suture
Squamous Suture
Sagittal Suture
Vertebral Column
Cervical Vertebrae (7)
Atlas (C1)
Axis (C2)
Thoracic Vertebrae (12)
Lumbar Vertebrae (5)
Hyoid Bone
Thoracic Cage
Sternum - breastbone
Manubrium
Middle Body
Lower Xiphoid Process
Ribs (12)
True Ribs (7)
directly connect to sternum through costal cartilage
False Ribs (5)
don't connect directly to sternum
Floating Ribs - lower 2 pairs with no cartilaginous attachments to the sternum
Sacrum
Coccyx - tailbone
Appendicular Skeleton
Upper Limbs
Humerus - upper arm bone
Radius - lateral forearm bone
Ulna - medial forearm bone
Carpals - wrist bones
Metacarpals - palm bones
Phalanges - finger bones
Lower Limbs
Femur - thigh bone
Tibia - medial calf bone
Fibula - lateral calf bone
Tarsals - ankle bones
Calcaneus - heel bone
Talus - ankle bone
Metatarsals - bones of sole
Phalanges - toe bones
Pectoral Girdle
Scapula (shoulder blade)
Clavicle (collarbone)
Pelvic Girdle
Coxal Bone
Ischium (the sit-down bone)
Ilium
Pubis
Joints
Classification
Functional
Synarthrotic
Amphiarthrotic
Diarthrotic
Structural
Fibrous
sutures of skull
joint between distal tibia and fibula
Cartilaginous
between vertebrae
pubic symphsis
between first rib and sternum
Synovial
Ball-and-Socket (Spheroidal)
shoulder joints
hip joints
Condylar (Ellipsoidal)
between metacarpals and phalanges
Plane (Gliding)
joints of wrist and ankle
between vertebrae
sacroiliac joints
Hinge
elbow
between phalanges
Pivot (Trochoid)
joint between dens of axis and atlas
Saddle (Sellar)
between trapezium (carpal) and metacarpal of thumb
Synovial Joint Movements
Flexion
Extension
Lateral Flexion
Hyperextension
Abduction
Addution
Dorsiflexion
Plantar Flexion
Rotation
Circumduction
Pronation
Supination
Inversion
Eversion
Protraction
Detraction
Elevation
Depression
Male vs. Female Skeleton
Male
Pelvic Girdle
more evidence of muscular attachments
hip bones = heavier, wider
ovular Obturator Foramina
larger acetabula
more narrow pubic arch
Pelvic Cavity
narrower in all diameters
taller, less roomy, more funnel-shaped
distance between ischial spines and tuberosities less than in female
Sacrum
more narrow
sacral curvature bent less sharply posteriorly
Coccyx
less movable than that of female
Female
Pelvic Girdle
hip bones = lighter, thinner
less evidence of muscular attachments
triangular obturator foramina
smaller acetabula
wider pubic arch
Pelvic Cavity
wider in all diameters
shorter, roomier, less funnel-shaped
distance beween ischial spines and tuberosities more than in male
Sacrum
wider
sacral curvature bent more sharply posteriorly
Coccyx
more movable than that of male's
Disorders/Diseases
Osteosarcoma
Osteomyelitis
Paget's Disease
Osteoarthritis
Description
protective cartilage at ends of bones wears down
Causes/Risk Factors
bone deformities
sedentary lifestyle
obesity
Symptoms
grating sensation
bone spurs
loss of flexibility
Treatment Option
cortisone injections
physical therapy
splints and/or braces
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Description
Causes/Risk Factors
Treatment Options
Symptoms