Skeletal Concept Map, Sarina Rivera Period 2
Appendicular
Scapula (shoulder-blade) - located on the upper back.
clavicle (collarbone) - upper chest
Carpals (wrist) - at the base of the hand.
Metacarpals - in-between the tip of the fingers and the wrists.
Phalanges (fingers) - located at the ends of the hand.
Radius - Located on the forearm, on the thumb side.
Ulna - Located on the forearm, on the pinky side.
Humerus (upper arm) - located above the ulna and the radius
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Axial
Skull
Frontal (forehead) - located at the top of the face.
Parietal (middle of top head) - largest area of the skull
Occipital (back of head) - located at bottom of back head.
Temporal (tempals) - sides of heads, near ears.
Maxilla (upper lip bone) - located near the nasal area.
Mandible (chin) - located below the mouth.
Zygomatic (under eye) - located under the eyes, near the temporal
Sphenoid (sides of the face) - located by the tempals, on the sides of the eyes.
Nasal (Nose bridge) - located in between the eyes.
Vomer (nose bone) - located on the inside, on the nose bridge
Palatine Process (maxilla) - located on the roof of the mouth.
Palatine bone - located at the roof of the mouth behind the Palatine process.
Sutures
Coronal - located on top of the forehead.
Saggital - located vertically across the parietal
Lambdoid - horizontally across, located between the parietal and occipital, connecting them.
Squamous - located behind the ear.
Ribs
True Ribs - are 1 through 7
False Ribs - last 5 ribs.
Floating ribs - last 2 ribs
Coastal Cartilage - middle cartilage of the ribs, in between the ribs and the sternum.
Sternum - in the middle of the chest area, Manubrium (top), xiphoid process (bottom).
Vertebrae
Cervical - neck area, contains 7 bones.
Thoracic - located near the rib area, contains 12 bones.
Lumbar - located near the pelvis, contains 5 bones.
Patella (knee cap) - located in between the humerus and the tibia.
Femur (thigh bone) - located under the pelvic girdle.
Tibia - located on the lower leg, aligned with big toe.
Fibula - located on lower leg, aligned with pinky toe
Tarsals - located on the ankle.
Metatarsals - located on the base of the foot.
Phalanges - toes
Greater trochanter - located at the top of the humerus
Coxal - hip area
Sacrum - located at the bottom of the spine.
Ischium - located near pubis.
Ilium - large part of coxal.
Pubis
Orbit - eyes
Difference in Male and Female
Male - has a smaller pelvic girdle
Female- has a wide pelvic girdle.
Diseases/Disorders
Osteoarthritis - Cartilage at ends of bones weakens and wears down, caused by old age and joint injures. It is common in females. Symptoms are tenderness, pain, and stiffness. Treatment is prescriptions, surgery, and physical therapy.
Osteogenesis Imperfecta - Makes bones brittle while weakening them. Its caused by frequent fractures, easily bruised,and deafness. Symptoms can be muscle weakness and blue sclera. Treatments can be transplants, medication, but it is pretty much uncurable.
Osteosarcoma - It is a tumor, caused by age, radio therapy, or it can be hereditary. Symptoms are bone pain, swelling, and redness. Treatment can be surgery, radiation, and limb amputation.
Osteomyelitis - A infection in the bone. Caused by direct contamination, circulatory disorders, and puncture infection. Symptoms can be chills, fever, and swelling. Treatment options are antibiotics, surgical drainage, and amputation.
Paget's Disease - Affects the breakdown and rebuilding of the bone. Caused by hereditary, age, and gender. Symptoms are hip pain, tingling, and hearing loss. Treatment options are medications, surgery, and joint replacement.
Long bone anatomy
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Proximal
Epiphyseal
Articular Cartilage
Spongy bone
Disphysis
Compact bone
Medullary Cavity
Yellow Bone Marrow
Performing Fibers
Distal