A mixed-designed ANOVA was used to analyze the data in this study. The within-subject factor was emotional conditions (happiness, anxiety, and neutral state). Additionally, gender was the between-subjects factor. In order to validate the main effects and interactions, the researchers used p-values and effect sizes. Upon observing the p-values, the researchers evaluated the potential for chance. Additionally, the measured effect size was used to determine the impact of the important observed effects.
