Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
peripheral vascular disease - Coggle Diagram
peripheral vascular disease
pathophysiology
narrowing/bloackage of the blood vessels in the arms/legs due to atherosclerosis
caused by diabetes, smoking, HTN, high cholesterol, sedentary lifestyle, prolonged standing
RFs: family hx, obesity, history of stroke or MI
increases risk of VTE (venothromboembolism) due to the pooling of blood
signs and symptoms
limb pain & heaviness - esp during exercise (intermittent claudication)
cold extremities
change in skin colour or texture
weakened pulses
numbness
non-healing sores or ulcers
diagnosis
history and physical
imaging
evidence of plaques
ultrasound
incompetent valves, pulses
baseline bloods
contributive/causative factors
treatment
RF modification and lifestyle changes
compression stockings
improve venous return & ease symptoms
medications
treat causative/contributing factors - statins, anticoagulants, antihypertensives
surgery
femoral endarterectomy, venous ablation
nursing care
pain relief
education and preparation for discharge
risk factor modification
close observation and monitoring of patient post-op
bleeding, clotting, infection
varicose veins
bulging of veins (lower legs)
pooling of blood = distension of veins, strains on valves = malfunction
decreased efficacy of venous return
Raynaud's phenomenon
hypertensive blood vessels (fingers) that react to stressors such as cold, emotional upset, cigarette smoke
associated with autoimmune disorders, e.g. lupus, rheumatoid arthritis
signs and symptoms
hands turn pale, then white/blue, then red when warmed (often become swollen)
diagnosis
history and physical
treatment
avoid triggers (cold and stress); avoid cigarette smoke; treat associated conditions as necessary
Buerger's disease
thromboangitis obliterans
affects blood vessels in the limbs
affects more men
pathophysiology
blood vessels swell, reducing blood flow, clot formation
causes
tobacco use
signs and symptoms
pain, skin discolouration, cold hands/feet, sores, gangrene
treatment
smoking cessation support and education
associated complications - infection, gangrene
diagnosis
history and physical
atrial aneurysm
tear/weakening between layers of wall of abdominal aorta = blood leaks into space = vessels walls bulge = further separate layers and compressing down on blood flow through vessel, affecting blood flow to organs and branches supply it (renal mesenteric arteries) = organ damage
cause
obesity
HTN
CVD
trauma
signs and symptoms
end-organ damage
pain
hypotension
weak, thready pulse
widened pulse pressure
diagnosis
history and physical, CT scan or MRI
treatment
size dependent
surgery
post-op care
strict BP control within prescribed parameters using medication infusions as necessary to avoid aortic rupture
discharge preparation and injury
anticoagulant therapy
medications
risk factors
risk factor modification
carotid artery disease
cause
atherosclerosis
signs and symptoms
dizziness, blackouts, stroke risk, 'carotid bruit' heard over site with stethoscope
diagnosis
history, physical, ultrasound of carotid arteries
treatment
surgery (severe)
post-op care
observation: bleeding, stroke
patient education & support
reduce risk factors
lifestyle changes