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“A Kidney Buster”, KIDNEY FUNCTION MARKERS, image, image - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Vascular damage
      - Tubular damage
        
        ATN
      - Glomerular damage
      - Interstitial damage
  - - - Urinary tract obstruction
        
        Ureter level
        
        Bladder level
        
        Renal pelvis level
  - - - Volume depletion
      - Poor cardiac output
      - Redistribution of the body fluid
      - Hypotension
      - Disturbance of intrarenal autoregulation
        
        Medication related
        
        NSAIDs
        
        Angiotensin blocker
  - - - oliguria, anuria
    - - leg edema, shortness of breath, facial puffiness
    - - nausea, vomiting, general malaise
- - - - Oliguria
        
        Rising BUN\Cr
        
        Hyperkalimia
        
        Anion gap metabolic acidosis
    - - polyuria & risk of hypokalemia
    - - slight changes in urine output
  - - - 6- Volume redistribution
        
        5-CHF
        
        4-prolonged diarrhea
        
        3- dehydration
        
        2- severe burns
        
        1- massive hemorrhage
    - - 1- antibiotics (aminoglycoside)
        
        2- radiographic contrast agents
        
        3- heavy metals (lead)
        
        4- organic solvents
        
        5- poisons
        
        6-Uric acid
        
        7-myoglobin (rhabdomyolysis)
        
        8- hemoglobin
- - - - active or passive transport
      - Urea follows water
      - by tubular cells or paracellular mech.
  - - - Transcellular mediated transport
      - Diffusion
- - - - Hypovolemia
        
        IV fluids
      - Hypervolemia
        
        Diuretics
    - - NSAIDS
      - ACE inhibitors
      - ARBs
      - Nephrotoxins
    - - Indications
        
        A: acidosis (~7.1-7.2)
        
        E: electrolyte imbalance ( severe hyperkalemia)
        
        I: Intoxication
        
        O: Overload of fluid
        
        U:Uremia
  - - - Pneumococcus vaccine
      - HIb vaccine
      - Meningococcal vaccine
      - Annual flu vaccine
- - - - loss of sodium followed by water
    - - Increased BUN
    - - Effective Circulating Volume
  - - - Loss of pure water
    - - hypernatremia
    - - Effective circulating volume
- - - - Caused by the blockage of blood flow in the heart or large blood vessels (Decrease in cardiac output)
    - - Caused by the heart's inability to pump effectively due to muscle dysfunction (Decrease in cardiac output)
    - - Caused by a widespread dilation of small arterioles and small venules, resulting in blood pooling and decreased tissue perfusion (Decreased peripheral vascular resistance)
        
        Anaphylactic
        
        Allergic reaction triggers histamine release to cause blood vessel dilation as well as bronchoconstriction. Increased capillary permeability causes fluid to flow into interstitial space.
        
        Septic
        
        Caused by a systemic bacterial infection. Inflammatory/immune responses are activated causing vasodilation and increased microvascular permeability (causing fluid to flow into interstitial space.)
        
        Neurogenic
        
        Caused by damage to the spinal cord above T6
    - - Caused by a loss of fluid volume (Decrease in cardiac output)