Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Figures of Substitution - Coggle Diagram
Figures of Substitution
EM based on the notion of quantity – Figures of quantity
Hyperbole
● to intensify one of the features of an object;
● to create a humorous effect;
● to express the intensity of strong feelings;
● to show an overflow of emotions.
Meiosis
● a deliberate understatement, or underestimation of some feature of an object or phenomena with the aim of intensifying the expressiveness of speech,
● lessening, weakening, underrating, reducing the real characteristics of the object of speech.
● The features stressed are usually size, volume, distance, time etc. It emphasizes the insignificance of smth
Litotes
● to weaken positive characteristics of a thing or a person;
● to convey the speaker's doubts as to the exact value or significance of the object of speech.
● Litotes is especially expressive when the semantic center of the whole structure is stylistically or/and emotionally colored; e.g. "His face was not unhandsome" or "Her face was not unpretty".
● In scientific prose litotes underlines carefulness of judgement or stresses the writer's uncertainty
EM based on the notion of quality – Figures of quality
Metonymy
● Generally, metonymy is used in developing literary symbolism i.e. It gives more profound meanings to otherwise common ideas and objects. By using metonymy, texts exhibit deeper or hidden meanings and thus drawing readers' attention.
● Metonymy employed to add a poetic color to words to make them come to life. The simple ordinary things are described in a creative way to insert this "life" factor to the literary works.
● Stylistic metonymy creates imagery and makes speech economical.
Synecdoche
● to specify the description, to make it more specific;
● to draw the reader's attention to a small, seemingly insignificant detail to make him visualize the object.
Periphrasis
● to bring out and intensify some features or properties of the given object;
● to avoid monotonous repetition;
● to create humorous effect.
Euphemism
● to give a more positive characterisation of the object described;
● to soften the reader's perception of events;
● to cover up what the real situation is.
Metaphor
● to carry out the aesthetic function (it appeals to imagination rather than gives information);
● to create imagery;
● to make the author's idea more exact, definite and transparent;
● to reveal the author's emotional attitude towards what he describes.
Antonomasia
● The main stylistic function of antonomasia is to characterize a person simultaneously with naming him/her.
Personification
● involves attributing human qualities to non-human entities.
● It makes the description more vivid and relatable.
Allegory
● is an extended metaphor where characters, events, or elements represent abstract concepts.
● It allows for conveying complex ideas in a more engaging way.
Epithet
● is a descriptive word or phrase expressing a characteristic of a person or thing.
● It adds color and specificity to the description.
Irony
● involves conveying a meaning opposite to the literal interpretation.
● It adds depth, complexity, and often a layer of humor or critique to the language.