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Ecology, image, image, image, image, image, image, image, image, image,…

- - - - refers to entities such as plants, animals, humans and micro organisms with biological processes, capable of growing, reproducing
- - - - Loss of Matter and Energy?
      - At each trophic level along a food chain, there is always a loss of matter and energy in the form of waste
      - Biomass the total dry weight of organisms
        Biomass pyramid: Diagram showing biomass at each trophic level of a food chain.
      - Biological Control
        
        Biological Control of the populations of pest plants and animals is accomplished by non-chemical means involving predation, parasitism, or interruption to reproduction. Biological control is usually specific to a particular pest organism.
        
        Pests: Pests can be plant or animal. They are generally introduced from abroad. Due to both their ability to survive and reproduce successfully
        
        Successful Biological Control Experiment Examples
        
        Prickly Pear Cactus - This introduced species was a pest throughout Australian cattle farms. The introduction of the Cactoblastis Moth reduced its numbers through consumption.
        
        European Rabbit - Rabbits arrived in Australia in 1788 and reproduced rapidly. The Myxoma Virus was developed in the 1900's to spread by direct contact and cause death.
        Unsuccessful Biological Control Experiment Examples
        
        Cycles in Nature
        
        THE WATER CYCLE
        
        Evaporation
        
        Condensation
        
        Precipitation
        
        perspiration
        
        cycle shows the reusing of certain elements and compounds water, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus) in different forms in ecosystems.
        
        CARBON AND OXYGEN CYCLES
        
        Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is the process used by plants containing chlorophyll to utilise sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to form sugar and oxygen.
        
        Oxygen occurs in all living organisms in the forms of oxygen gas, water, carbon dioxide, carbohydrates, proteins and fats.
        
        Carbon occurs in all living organisms in the forms of carbon dioxide, carbohydrates, proteins and fats.
- - - - Protecting and conserving the environment is vital to ensure its sustainability for future generations. Environmental protection involves measures to prevent pollution, reduce waste, conserve natural resources, and mitigate the impacts of human activities on the environment. Conservation efforts aim to preserve ecosystems, protect endangered species, and maintain the balance of natural systems.
        
        The environment has a significant impact on human health. Exposure to environmental pollutants, such as air and water pollution, can lead to various health problems, including respiratory diseases, cancers, and neurological disorders. Protecting the environment is crucial for safeguarding human health and well-being .
        
        The environment plays a crucial role in sustaining life on Earth. It provides essential resources, such as clean air, water, food, and energy, which are necessary for the survival and well-being of all living organisms. The environment also supports biodiversity, regulates climate, and provides habitats for various species.
        
        Community:
        
        It refers to the total set of organisms of various species that coexist and interrelate in a biotope or habitat itself, and that find the environmental conditions to guarantee their survival. I decide that it is a group of distinct populations that live in a geographic region and are influenced by environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, sunlight, etc. Biological communities can be found in various habitats and are made up of plants, animals, fungi, bacteria and other microorganisms. The species that are part of a community interact with each other and with the physical environment, excluding different ecological roles. For example, it is possible to establish relationships of mutualism, commensalism or parasitism between the species in a community.
        
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        Population
        
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    - - Abiotic factors are non-living components of an ecosystem that shape the environment and influence the organisms within it. These factors can include physical and chemical elements such as temperature, light, water, air, soil composition, humidity, pH levels, atmospheric pressure, and more
        
        Abiotic factors play a crucial role in determining which species can survive and thrive in a particular environment. For example, temperature affects the metabolic rates and physiological functions of organisms, while light availability influences photosynthesis in plants Other abiotic factors like water availability, soil composition, and nutrient levels also impact the distribution and abundance of organisms in an ecosystem
        
        It's important to note that abiotic factors can vary across different ecosystems and can change over time. For instance, seasonal changes in temperature and precipitation can significantly impact the dynamics of an ecosystem
        
        Biotic factor
        
        Biotic factors are living organisms that shape and influence their environment. In an ecosystem, biotic factors include all living things such as plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, and other microorganisms.
        Biotic factors play a crucial role in ecosystem dynamics and interactions. They can affect the availability of resources, the balance of populations, and the overall functioning of ecosystems. Biotic factors can have both direct and indirect effects on each other and on the abiotic (non-living) components of the ecosystem.
        
        Biotic factors interact with each other and with the abiotic factors in an ecosystem. These interactions can be complex and have significant impacts on the ecosystem as a whole.
        For example, predator-prey interactions between animals can regulate population sizes and maintain a balance in the ecosystem. The presence or absence of certain species can also affect the distribution and abundance of other organisms.
        
        Biotic factors can also have indirect effects on the abiotic components of the ecosystem. For instance, plants can influence soil composition and nutrient availability through their root systems and the organic matter they contribute to the soil.
        Understanding the interactions between biotic and abiotic factors is crucial for studying and managing ecosystems. It helps us comprehend the intricate web of relationships and dependencies that exist within natural systems.
        
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- - - - Terrestrial Biomes
        
        And also with/in the terrestrial biomes we can mention examples such as: tundra, taiga (forest), jungle, steppe, savannah, desert.
        
        Let us remember that in the terrestrial biome it is the climate, the vegetation since: the vegetation is an important component of any biome, the fauna and flora since: the fauna is the set of animals that inhabit a biome
        
        Tundra
        
        Taiga
        
        Savannah
        
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        Characterized by temperate climate,it´s located only in northern hemisphere, it has a lot of rainfall.
        
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        Caracterized by: Cold, dry biome located near poles.Has white animals and plants with short roots. The winters are long and dark, and the summers are short and cool. This means that the tundra has two seasons: winter and other winter.
      - Aquatic Biomes
        
        And in the aquatic biomes we can see 2 different ones:
        
        Sweet water
        
        The marine biomes are: the ocean and also the coast.
        
        Marine (salt water)
        
        The marine biomes are: the ocean and also the coast.