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Control of the People - The State and Agriculture - Coggle Diagram

- - - - their styles were experimental as they aimed to create a new revolutionary art form
  - - - Vladimir Mayakovsky created CW propaganda posters
      - Alexander Rodchenko was a photographer, known for using photomontage to create posters
  - - - he created Prolekult - a proletarian movement
    - - a monthly magazine called Corn (Furnace) published the works of proletarian artists
    - - he wanted a more universal culture - not one tied to the proletariat or the bourgeoisie
      - also believed the work of the Prolekult was top avant-garde.
        
        P also fell outside of the party governance system and L was concerned about this
        
        Oct 1920: L placed Prolekult under the control of the Commissariat for Education
      - disagreed with Lunacharsky's approach
      - funding was cut
  - - - it was also 'socialist' - it depicted workers and industry
      - literature also adapted a socialist style;
        
        books had straight-forward plots which ordinary people could understand
        
        the subject-matter related to the creation of a socialist society
        
        good example: Fyodor Glafkov's 1924 novel Cement, it follows workers who built a cement factory
      - this new art was 'realistic' - at least, it looked like photographs
    - - Arts as also used to foster their cults
      - depictions of the two leaders were always favourable
        
        Fedo Shurpin's Morning of Our Motherland, from 1949, showed Stalin in front of a newly industrialised landscape
      - art was heavily controlled and censored by the state
    - - je wanted art to be more traditional and to serve the governments agenda
      - the nw form of art came tp be known as 'Socialist Realism'
      - Stalin hated the experimentation f avant-garde art
    - - E. Mawdsley in 'The Stalin Years. The Soviet Union 1929-53':
        
        'In terms of Russian cultural history, the 1920s have been more attractive to western intellectuals than the 1930s and 1940s. A cultural avant-garde flourished in the NEP decade, and innovative works in cinema, art, literature and music have fascinated even those critical of other aspects of Communism. [...] The avant-garde was replaced in the 1930s, in a cultural 'retreat', by something much more conservative. The new culture would be ridiculed in the west'
    - - Sheila Fitzpatrick (1999): argues that scaliest realism part of the soviet mentality. It was a way to try and get people to reconcile the difference between poor living standards they were experiencing and the socialist vision they were promised
        
        'People could see things as they were becoming rather than what they were at the moment'
- - - - 1956-7: there was another wave of liberalisation
        
        Vladimir Dudintsev was able to publish the novel 'Not by Bread Alone'. this again criticised Stalin
      - 1962: Alexander Solzhenitsyn was able to publish 'One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich, about a prisoner in the gulag
      - 1953-4: publication of works of literature, such as Ilya Ehrenburg's 'The Thaw', which criticised Stalin's rule
      - when artists went too far, Khrushchev imposed sanctions once again
    - - K was not able to accept any widespread nonconformity in Soviet society - he wanted to challenge lazy bureaucrats and alcoholics
      - he created poster campaigns down as 'popular oversight'
        
        this included: 'The Lazy Bureaucrat' (1961) and 'The Alcoholic' (1959)
    - - this led to more creative freedom
      - Khrushchev wanted to build bridges between the Party and intellectuals
    - - K seemed to particularly hate them
      - a campaign was launched against 'stilyaga'
        
        these were women who wore western clothes
        
        these clothes were associated with sexual promiscuity
- - - - fans of the shows wore rebellious, shabby clothes
  - - - Daniel and Sinyavsky were sent to the gulag
      - the writers were tried together in a show trial