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Unit 2 Biology:What does life need? - Coggle Diagram
Unit 2 Biology:What does life need?
Cells
Cells provide structure and function for all living things, from microorganisms to humans
Types of cells:
Prokaryote
organisms whose cells lack a nucleus and other organelles
Parts of a prokaryotic cell:
DNA
cytoplasm
Ribosomes
cell walls
Smaller in size compared to eukaryote
Eukaryote
Part of a eukaryotic cell
Everything a prokaryote has
Nucleus
membrane-bound organelles
Larger than prokaryotic cells
any cell or organism that possesses a clearly defined nucleus
Biomolecules
any of numerous substances that are produced by cells and living organisms
Types of Biomolecules
Lipids
Store long-term energy
Involved will cell signaling
make cell membranes
Made up of glycerol and fatty acids
Connect using dehydration synthesis
Called an ester bond
Stomach break food into glycerol and fatty acids
Two types of lipids:
Saturated
Solid at room temperature
Showed as straight on the molecular level
Unhealthy
Unsaturated
Liquid at room temperature
Showed as skewed on the molecular level
Healthier than saturated lipids
Nucleic acids
Contain DNA, RNA, and Nucleotides
Nucleotides create DNA and RNA
DNA and RNA contain information that will be converted into proteins
DNA contains code for proteins
RNA contains a copy of DNA code for the ribosomes, where proteins are made.
Protiens
responsible for nearly every task of cellular life
cell shape and inner organization
product manufacture and waste cleanup
routine maintenance
Made up of amino acids
Connect to other protiens using peptide bonds
Use dehydration synthesis to connect
Hydrolosis to disconnect
The function of the protein depends on the R chain and structure of amino group
Carbohydrates
Act as a short-term energy source
Help with the glucose levels in your blood
Help with breaking down glucose
Are made up of monosaccharides
Monosaccharides can connect using glycosidic bonds
They connect using dehydration synthesis
They disconnect using hydrolysis
2 bonded is a disaccharide
3 or more is a polysaccharide
6 molecules used to build Biomolecules.
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Phosphorus
Sulfate
Enzymes
Protein
A catalyst for a reaction
Used in respiration, digestion, muscles and nerve function
Have 1000s uses
Can only support one substrate(Type of biomolecule)
Ex: sucrose(Sugar molecule)
Reusable
makes reactions occur faster and uses less energy.
Denaturing
The enzyme cannot be used anymore
Heat can also denature proteins and other molecules.
When an enzyme is exposed to immense heat, the active site of an enzyme is changed
