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Common Causes of Substance Abuse - Coggle Diagram
Common Causes of Substance Abuse
Early Exposure
"Approximately 50% of adolescents exposed to alcohol and illicit drugs prior to age 15 had no conduct-problem history, yet were still at an increased risk for adult substance dependence, herpes infection, early pregnancy, and crime."(
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3664402/
)
Early exposure can involve abuse from guardians who are involved in substance abuse. (
https://www.publicdefenders.nsw.gov.au/Pages/public_defenders_research/bar-book/exposure-aod.aspx
)
Early exposure can be caused by parents who simply do not supervise their children enough, allowing them to get involved in risky behavior. (
https://www.publicdefenders.nsw.gov.au/Pages/public_defenders_research/bar-book/exposure-aod.aspx
)
https://youtu.be/EpfnDijz2d8
https://youtu.be/fgSLEakjlAs?si=xc793wxeLmaj_uoW
"Studies available for prenatal nicotine exposure suggest an increased risk of early experimentation271 and abuse of nicotine in exposed offspring.272,273 Brennan et al274 reported an association of prenatal nicotine exposure with higher rates of hospitalization for substance abuse in adult offspring." (
https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/131/3/e1009/30945/Prenatal-Substance-Abuse-Short-and-Long-term?autologincheck=redirected
)
Environmental Stress
Stressful childhood experiences can be environmental stress that can cause someone to fall into substance abuse. Especially if someone had an unstable family growing up. (
https://greenestone.net/resources/blog/risk-factors-addiction/
)
PTSD can relate to substance abuse. "For instance, when a person is a victim of emotional, physical or sexual abuse, they may develop symptoms of trauma associated with PTSD and use alcohol or drugs to self-treat themselves." (
https://greenestone.net/resources/blog/risk-factors-addiction/
)
Fear that people involved in substance abuse will look down in you for not being involved. "If you decide to stop drinking or using drugs, you will most likely need to change your social environment." (
https://www.tpoftampa.com/environmental-factors-and-their-role-in-addiction/
)
https://cdn.jwplayer.com/previews/4O56UDQk
Mental Health
https://youtu.be/yltzRp6hX-E
https://images.app.goo.gl/1AVmrANEeR7xPxHg6
"People may use drugs in order to cope with their anxiety. When they drink alcohol or ingest an opiate, it relaxes them and gives them a sense of calm. They then become dependent on the substance in order to treat their fear."
(
https://www.renewallodge.com/the-connection-between-anxiety-and-addiction/
)
"Up to a third of clinically depressed people engage in drug or alcohol abuse."
https://americanaddictioncenters.org/treating-depression-substance-abuse
)
"The rate of substance abuse is 50 percent higher among individuals with schizophrenia than among the general population, according to Schizophrenia Bulletin." They also say that drugs an alcohol can make symptoms worse!
(
https://americanaddictioncenters.org/schizophrenia-and-addiction
).
Genetics
"Research shows that genetics have somewhere between a 40% and 60% influence on addiction".
(
https://health.clevelandclinic.org/is-addiction-genetic/
)
Addiction can be connected to genetic levels of Dopamine. This hormone makes you "feel good". It seems that people with higher levels actually are at a slightly higher risk of Substance Abuse.
(
https://health.clevelandclinic.org/is-addiction-genetic/
)
https://youtu.be/40nsYCuc3Ys?si=VuP3vKweeobmyKHb
Lack of percieved risks
"youths who perceive high risk of harm are less likely to use drugs than youths who perceive low risk of harm."
I can speak to this as I have personally seen the risks of addiction. This caused me to stray from it!
https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/report_2418/ShortReport-(2418.html#:~:text=Historically%2C%20an%20individual%27s%20perception%20of,she%20engages%20in%20substance%20use.&text=For%20example%2C%20youths%20who%20perceive,perceive%20low%20risk%20of%20harm
.)
https://images.app.goo.gl/u7HoRAwWeaqv8THx8
Prescription drugs can lower a persons perceived risk. "Our findings show an association between pain reliever misuse with the perceived risk of trying and using heroin in people who have never used heroin. Further understanding of risk perception among people who misuse pain relievers, and its association with transition to heroin, might inform development of primary prevention interventions during the current opioid epidemic."
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6488411/
"A 2018 Canadian survey found that a substantial proportion of Canadian youth intended to try cannabis for the first time or increase their use following cannabis legalization (66). Accordingly, data collected in the CCHS throughout 2018 (67) show that use prevalence has increased to 16.3%, compared to 10.7% in 2017 among those aged 12–24 years old (64). CCS data also report an increase in the prevalence of past-year use between 2018 and 2020." Drug legalization lowers perceived risk and increases substance use.
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.984485/full#:~:text=After%20cannabis%20legalization%20for%20non%2Dmedical%20purposes&text=Accordingly%2C%20data%20collected%20in%20the,use%20between%202018%20and%202020
.
"Environmental norms: A person may experience pressure to adhere to what is “normal” among their peer group. For example, if everyone smokes, a person may feel left out when all of their friends take a smoke break. As a result, they may join in, even if their friends never encourage them to smoke or even actively discourage it." This shows that if peers partake in substance abuse, the risk factor is lowered because it is "normal."
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/peer-pressure-drugs#resisting-peer-pressure
