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What is the best method to classify a chemical substance?, All these…

- - - - Observed and Numerical Data obtained from "Methods of Testing" below = Dependent Variable/s
        
        Conductivity: Testing meter illuminating or not
        
        Brittiliy: Whether become powder or not
        
        Halide Test: Identify what precipitate forms to identify substance
        
        Physical Properties: Qualitative Observative Measurements
        
        Observative Results on Physical attributes, Odour, etc
- - - - Electrostatic Force of Attraction between oppositely charged particles, forming a crystal lattice structure
      - Electrons GAINED and LOST
      - Metals and Non-Metals
      - Properties
        
        HIGH Melting and Boiling Points
        
        Hard and Brittle
        
        Conductive in Liquid/Molten BUT not solid state
        
        Crystal Lattice Structure
        
        NOT ductile or malleable
        
        Dissociates/dissolves well in water
        
        Solid at Room Temp.
      - Testing
        
        Dissolve then test conductivity as ions should be free in ionic substance and should conduct
        
        Test brittily
        
        Test MP/BP
    - - Electrostatic Force of Attraction between Metal Cation and Delocalised Electron
      - Metals Only
      - Uniform throughout and Strong
      - Properties
        
        HIGH Melting and Boiling Points
        
        Hard/Strong/Highly Dense
        
        Good Conductor of Elec. and Heat in ALL states
        
        Malleable/Ductile
        
        Very Strong Metallic Lattice (Metal Cations and Sea of Delocalised Electrons)
        
        Lustre
      - Testing
        
        Visual physical properties (Lustre, smooth, hard and NOT brittle)
        
        Conductivity (Should conduct in ANY state)
        
        Melting and Boiling Points
        
        Use hammer to see if it breaks or merely indents/changes shape
    - - Continuous 3D Lattice of layered atoms, covalently bonded, usually of the same element.
      - Properties
        
        HIGH Melting and Boiling Point
        
        Hard/Brittle
        
        Generally DO NOT conduct electricity (Exception Graphite)
        
        Can conduct heat to limited extent (based on substance)
      - Testing
        
        Test melting/boling point to understand how high or low it may be
        
        If suspected of excpetion such as graphite, then test for conductivity and brittility.
        
        OTHER THAN EXCEPTION, identify inability to conduct either as solid or liquid or aqueous.
        
        Test brittility (Shouldn't be brittle)
    - - Atoms covalently bonded within a large, 3D network of layers
      - Non Metals Only
      - Sharing of Electrons
      - Properties
        
        Soft/Flexible
        
        LOW Boiling and Melting Points
        
        Poor Conductors of Heat and Electricity
        
        Less soluble than ionic
        
        Gas, Liq, or Solid at Room Temp.
      - Testing
        
        Test its flexibility and softness
        
        Conductivity Testing
        
        Melting and Boiling Points
        
        Same tests as COVALENT NETWORK (except check for the difference in MP/BP, physical brittility and solubility to evaluate)