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Dynamic Development - Myanmar case study II - Coggle Diagram
Dynamic Development - Myanmar case study II
Trade and TNCs
Trade
63% of Myanmar's exports are extracted or mined
39% of exports are natural gas, non renewable and destroy the land and forest
44% of trade is with China, high dependency on China for trade - if relations become worse then the country suffers
Trade deficit of $9 billion
24% of trade is precious stones, they produce 90% of world's rubies. Large trade of jade with China($31 billion in 2014)
Almost 1/2 of sales are unofficial, people of Myanmar don't benfit and that the rich can pocket the profits
TNCs
Pros
TNCs provide work
TNCs bring new investment into an economy
Healthcare and education may be provided
Cons
Labour can be bought cheaply, exploited
Damage the local environment
TNCs can leave whenever
Porfits flow out of the country
Coca-Cola
Invested $200 million, employed 1400 people
Thousands of hours of Vehicular training
3 local villages having water and sanitration access imrpoved through WASH
Programme led by women from Sawn-Yi group
Empowered 24,500 women by 2015
Daily wages of $4.00, people can't afford to feed their children
Workers could be working long hours, their is a system to detect overworked people, but the limit could be 24hour shifts
Relying on few commodities
Can generate lots of money, improves infrastrucutre
Smaller sales audience
Vulnerable to fluctuations in price
Vulnerable to corruption
Debt clearance
Myanmar owed $11.3 bn in foreign debt, govt stopping paying in 1980s
Paris club agreed to clear Myanmar's missing payments of a combined $960m using bridge loans
Japan cancelled $6.6bn owed debt
Norway cancelled $600m
Rest of Paris club agreed to cancel at least 50% of further $4b debt
Millenium Development goals
Goal 1
Halve extreme poverty and Hunger
1 in 4 live below the poverty line
52% in 2000, 14% in 2015 are under nourished
Goal 2
Achieve universal primary education
In 2000, 94.6% of 15-24 are literate, in 2015, 96.3%
In 2000, 76% complete primary school, in 2015, 84%
Goal 3
Gender equality
Gneder parity achieved in pri, sec and ter sectors
Ratio of girls to boys is 104, 105, 164:100
35% of agriculture are women in 2000, in 2010, 44%
Goal 4
Infant mortality set at 24/1000
Child mortality set at 36/1000
Infant mortality reduced from 62 to 39/1000
Child mortality recuded from 82 to 52/1000
Goal 5
Improve maternal health
2/5 births aren't attended by midwife
Maternal mortality reduced from 310 in 2000, to 180/100000 in 2015
Goal 6
Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other disease
AIDS death risen from 2900 in 1996, to 9700 in 2015
Only 1 in 3 patients recieve treatment for HIV
Malaria cases risen from 150K - 80K from 2000-2015
Goal 7
Environmental sustainability
281 threatened animal species and 50 plants in Myanmar
Access to clean water and sanitation rose from <60% in 1990 to 80% in 2015
Goal 8
Develop a global partnership for development
Internet users have grown from 0-21 per 1000 between 1990-2015
Mobile cellular subscription rose from 0-75 per 1000 between 1990-2015
Rostows model for Myanmar
Myanmar is in stage 2
Increase trade in 2021, $3 billion surplus
Increase in technology usage, number of people owning mobile phones has increased by 126%
Increase of TNCs, KFC and addidas
Military coup in 2021 is hindering progress, led to TNCs leaving and less development