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My fist is full of blisters, Pharmacology., Has, Has 3 barriers, can be…
My fist is full of blisters
Our Immune system (Meerub)
3 lines of defense
2nd line
The complement system
Lectin pathway
All pathways lead to 1- activation of C3
Steps that follow after
3- Formation of C3 convertase
4-Formation of C5 convertase
5-Formation of the Membrance attack complex (MAC)
2- Amplification (C3 split)
6-Opsonization (tagging)
7-Inflammatory response
Alternative pathway
Classical pathway
Inflammatory response
Release of chemical signals (histamine, cytokines, prostaglandins)
Vasodilation (causing redness)
Increased vascular permeability
5 cardinal signs of inflammation
Pain
Immobility
Swelling
Redness
Heat
Our innate immune cells
Mast cells
dendritic cells
Monocytes
Neutrophils
Natural killer
Macrophages
3rd line
Adaptive immunity
B cells (humoral immunity)
T cells (cell mediated immunity)
1st line
Physical barriers
Eyelashes and Eyelids
Mucous membranes
Nasal hair
Cilia
Skin
Urination
Saliva
Chemical barriers
Low PH
Antimicrobial molecules
Biological barriers
Microbiome
Healing and burn management
FACADE
C
clean
A
asses
A
analgesia
D
dress
F
first aid
E
elevate
Phases of healing
proliferative
epithelialization
contraction
Fibroplasia and granulation tissue formation
collagen deposition
angiogenesis
re-epithelialization
Remodeling
Collagen remodeling
Scar maturation
Cellular differentiation and apoptosis
Recovery
Scar modification and managment
Inflammatory
Complications of healing
Contractures
Keloid
Hypertrophic scar
Infection
Necrosis/Apoptosis and Burn
Types of Necrosis
coagulative
liquefactive
gangrenous
caseous
fat
fibroids
necrosis vs apoptosis
necrosis is unplanned cellular death
necrosis causes swelling and inflammation
burns
calculations
rule of 9s
relative percentages for children
change depending on age
types
thermal
friction
electrical
chemical
radiation
what is a burn?
an injury occurring to the skin involving the epidermis and inner dermis
degrees: 1st, 2nd 3rd and fourth
old description, better to use physical descriptions
skin Microbiota
factors that determines the type of microoragnisms
pH
Temperature
Amount of moisture
Examples
staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus Aureus
Propionibacterium
Types of infections
Endogenous
Exogenous
Pathogenesis
Entry
Inhalation
Ingestion
through cuts/wounds
Evasion and Survival
inhibits phagocytosis
modification of surface)avoid recognition)
Apoptosis
Adherence and attachment
Adhesin
Fimbriae
Colonisation
Final Step - symptoms caused by Pathogen
Toxins
endotoxins
exotoxins
enzymes
neurotoxins
Symptoms of localised vs systemic infections
Localised
pain
redness
swelling
Systemic
fever
enlargements of lymph nodes
Skin
Structure
Epidermis
Stratum basale
Stratum lucidum
Stratum spinousm
Stratum cornuem
Dermis
Papillary layer
Reticular layer
Function
Pharmacology.
Antimicrobial Selection
Organism’s identity
Organism’s susceptibility to a particular agent
Site of infection
Patient factor
Safety and efficacy of agent
Cost of therapy
Antimicrobials Classification
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors
Protein synthesis inhibitors
Inhibitors of Nucleic acid function
Has
Has 3 barriers
can be activated through 3 pathways