Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Science revision resource B14 - Coggle Diagram
Science revision resource B14
Genetic engineering
Remove the gene from the genetic material (isolate the genome). The genome is removed using enzymes.
Put the gene into a vector (generally bacteria).
Identify the useful gene (a gene that displays good characteristics)
If you want to you can introduce the bacteria to a plant or animal. Then let the plant or animal (or bacteria) grow.
Selective breeding
Two organisms are chosen for their good traits
They are bred together to create an organism with the desired characteristics
It takes many generations to breed organisms together to get a perfect organism with the desired characteristics.
You have to keep repeating the process until you create a perfect organism.
Cloning (separate science)
The nucleus from the adult cell is inserted in the empty egg cell.
The new egg cell is given a tiny electric shock to stimulate it to form embryo cells.
The nucleus is removed from an unfertilised egg cell. At the same time the nucleus is removed from an adult body cell.
When the embryos have developed into a ball of cells, they are placed in the womb of an adult female to continue its development.
Natural selection
Offspring inherit genetic traits from their parents
This helps the offspring to survive.
Over time these traits can change slightly due to mutations. genes mutate due to a change in the environment
Organisms that survive this change in environment pass on these developed traits to their offspring meaning that they are able to survive.
Ethical questions
Advantages: Increases crop yield and quality. you can introduce new traits that will help a species to survive.
Disadvantages: Crops that have been genetically modified can be toxic for humans. Genetically modified sees are more expensive.