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MODULE 1 SUBCOMPETENCE 1 Alberto López Mora - Coggle Diagram
MODULE 1 SUBCOMPETENCE 1
Alberto López Mora
1.1 FORM AND MEANING
COMPONENTS OF LANGUAGE
SYNTAX: It focuses on The order of words to create sentences
MORPHOLOGY: It focuses on how we can form words or how they change (word formation)
PHONOLOGY: It refers to the sounds for producing the language
SEMANTICS: the meaning of words
PRAGMATICS: in which context is appropriate to use the words
FUNCTION: The purpose of language use
MEANING: The meaning according to the context in which language is used
FORM: The grammar patterns
1.2 LINGUISTIC ASPECTS
1.2.1 GRAMMATICAL ASPECTS
CONSTITUENTS OF A SENTENCE
TYPES OF PHRASES:
Noun Phrases.
Prepositional Phrase
Verb Phrase
PARTS OF SPEECH:
Verb
Noun
Preposition
Conjunction
Article
Pronoun
TYPES OF SENTENCES
Affirmative
Negative
Questions
Simple
Independent
Dependent
Complex
Compound
WORD ORDER
TYPES OF VERBS
Linking verbs
Modal verbs
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORIES
Singular
Plural
Verb tense
The person (1st or 3rd person)
TENSE, ASPECT, MOOD, VOICE
TENSES:
Present
Past
ASPECTS:
Simple
Perfect
Continuous
MOODS:
Indicative
2.Subjunctive
VOICE:
Active
Passive
1.2.2 LEXICAL ASPECTS
FORM
Suffix
Root
Prefix
MEANING
Denotation: refers to the actual meaning of the word.
Connotation: refers to the implied meaning, it can be positive or negative cultural meaning. Example: house – home. Cheap (bad quality) – inexpensive. Self-confident – arrogant (negative)
GRAMMAR
COLLOCATION
COLLOCATION: Refers to the habitual co-ocurrance of words.
COLLIGNATION:
Follow a specific combination of words. How words form specific grammatical patterns with other words.
Example: I like to play, I want to read
APPROPRIATENESS
SEMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS
Hyponymy: a main category. For example = vegetables
Polysemy: a lot of meanings/use. Example= head
Antonymy = wet – dry
Meronymy: Different parts of something. For example = tree: branches & leaves.
Homonymy = bat (bate)– bat (murcielago)
Homophony = mail – male
Synonymy = gift – present
1.2.3 PHONOLOGICAL ASPECTS
PHONETICS: is the study of the physical sounds of human speech, including their production, transmission, and perception.
PHONOLOGY: is the study of the abstract, mental representations of sounds in a particular language and the rules governing their systematic organization and patterning.
Segmental phonology: it focuses on different segments, such as phonemes. (international phonetic alphabet)
Suprasegmental phonology: it is related to the phonological properties or longer stretches of speech, such as syllabus, strees, rhythm, tone, and intonation.
1.3 COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS
They refer to the specific purposes or goals that communication serves in various contexts.
For example:
1.Giving advice
2.Expressing feelings or ideas
1.5 RECEPTIVE SKILLS
They involve expressing oneself effectively through spoken or written language, encompassing speaking and writing abilities
Speaking
Writing
1.4 PRODUCTIVE SKILLS
They involve understanding and interpreting spoken or written language, encompassing listening and reading comprehension.
Listening
Reading
1.6 COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE
Linguistic competence
It is the ability we have to create ccurate sentences in he language and knowing the rues to sentence fomation.
Comunicative Competence: It is the ability to use the language in ways hat are appropriate for the context, situation, paticipants and the relationships between them.
ACCURACY
It's the capacity to use the language in ways that are grammatically and phonologically appropriate.
FLUENCY
It's the ability to be able to keep the flow of conversation going.
COMPLECITY
It's the extend to which your language has developed, and your vocabulary and knowledge of grammar has expanded.
APPROPIACY
It's the ability to use the language according to the context.
CAPACITY
It refers to how much you can express in what you know of the language
1.7 WORLD ENGLISHES
It refers to the diverse and distinct forms of the English language used around the world, reflecting the influence of local cultures, languages, and identities on English language variation.
DIALECTS: A language (or speech) community is a group of people who live, work, socialise, and communicate with one another
MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATIONS:
It refers to the different forms and structures of words that exist within a language, including variations in prefixes, suffixes, and roots.
For example:
Color - Colour
Favorite - Favourite
PHONOLOGICAL VARIATION:
It refers to the differences in vocabulary and word choices used by speakers of the same language in various regional, social, or contextual contexts.
For example:
Petrol - Gas
Flat - Apartment
PRAGMATIC VARIATION:
The way you interact with people, the way you use language, British are more polite and American are more direct.