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Introduction to Lipid Metabolism - Coggle Diagram
Introduction to Lipid Metabolism
Classes of Lipoproteins
Chylomicrons (High in TG, Low in Cholesterol)
Important Proteins
ApoB48: Structural Protein synthesized in enterocyte
ApoC2: Activates lipoprotein lipase
ApoE: Ligand for uptake into liver via LDL-R, and LRP
Characteristics
TG Rich, main protein in Extrinsic Pathway
VLDL (High in TG, low in Cholesterol)
Important Proteins
ApoC2: Activates LPL
ApoC3: Inhibit LPL
ApoE: ligand for LDL-R and LRP
ApoB100: Ligand for LDL-R
Characteristics
TG Rich, lipoprotein in intrinsic pathway
IDL (Middle in TG and Cholesterol)
Important Proteins
ApoC2: Activates LPL, and also has ApoB100 and ApoE
LDL (High in Cholesterol, Low in TG)
Important Proteins
ApoB100: Ligand for LDL
Hepatic Lipase: Hydrolyzes IDL
Characteristics
Cholesterol Rich, Atherogenic
HDL (Low in TG, Low in Cholesterol)
Important proteins
ApoA1: Structural Activates LCAT
ApoC and ApoE: Given to VLDC
Apoproteins
Roles: Structural Stability, Co-factors for enzymes, carry lipids in plasma, Ligands for specific receptors
Conditions
Familail Hypercholesterolemia
Pathophysiology
Increase in Cholesterol due to increase in LDL, VLDL, IDL
Genetics
Loss of LDL-R: Lack of LDL metabolism
APoB100: Lack of ligand to Allow uptake of LDL
PCSK gain of function: Leads to Increased metabolism of the LDL-R
Symptoms
Tendinous Xanthomas (Achiles, Estensor tendons), Xanthelasma (deposits in the eyelids), Conral Arcus
Lipid Profile
Increase in LDL
Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia
Lipid Profile
Increase in LDL-C, TG
Genetics
Increase in ApoB100 containing lipoprotein particles
Polygenic Hypercholesterolemia
Increase in LDL-C with unknown genetic origin
Lipoprotein Hyperlipidemia
Increase in Lp(a), LDL-C with Apo(a)
Particle resembled plasminogen, and has role in increasing arteriosclerosis due to increased thrombus formation
Familial Dysbetalipoproteinemia
Genetics
ApoE wildtype leading to decrease affinity for LDL-R and LRP
Lipid Profile
Increase in TG and LDL-C
Resulting of decrease uptake of CM and VLDL-C
Symptoms
Tuberous Xanthomas, Zanthoma Striata Palmaris
Chylomicronemia Syndrome
Same presentation as Increase in LPL or ApoC2
Increase in triglycerides due to unknown reasons
Symptoms
Lipemic Serum, Eruptive Xahnthomas, lipemia retinalis
Hypoalphalipoproteiemia
Defects leading to decrease in HDL-C
Defects: Lack of ABCA1 (Tangier's disease), ApoA1, LCAt (fish eye disease)
Lipid profile
Slihgt increase in TG