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Antibacterials interfering with protein synthesis - Coggle Diagram
Antibacterials interfering with protein synthesis
Selectively toxic to bacteria and not humans due to differences in RNAs, in bacteria 70s, in human 80s
Aminoglycosides
30s
Block function of initiation complex and cause misreading of mRNA
Streptomycin
Treat Tuberculosis
Ototoxic & nephrotic
Gentamycin & tobramycin
Mostly used topically and in eye prep.
Neomycin
Preoperative bowel preparation
Too toxic to be used systemically, used orally since not absorbed
Tetracycline
30s
Block tRNA binding to ribosome
Tetracyclin, minocycline, doxycyclin
Orally absorbed but chelated by some foods
Limited use in pregnancy/ children because chelates calcium
Dental discoloration
Tigecycline
Wide spectrum as others including those of multi drug resistance by carbapenems resistant enterobacteriaceae (CRE)
Chloramphenicol
50s
Block peptidyltransferase
O, I, T
Bone marrow suppression and aplastic anemia limit its use to sever infections
Macrolides/ ketolides
50s
Block translocation
Erythromycin, azithromycin, Clarithromycin
Erythromycin was the first. The other two have more enhanced gram (-) spectrum specially azithromycin. Clarithromycin + other drugs treat H.pylori
Telithromycin
Ketolide
Used in bacteria resistant to macrolides
Lincosamides
50s
Block translocation
Clindamycin
Has great activity # anaerobes , gram (-) like Bacteriodes fragilis & (+) like Clostridium perfringens
Pseudomembraneous colitis major side effect.
Topical treatment of acne & dental infections
Penetrates bone well, so used in osteomyelitis
Oxazolidinones
50s
Block early step in ribosome formation
Linezolid
Mainly infections caused by resistant strains, specially pneumonia
High oral absorption even with food
No cross resistance due to unique site of action
Streptogramins
50s
Cause premature release of peptide chain
Quinupristin/ daflopristin
Used in treatment of infection by vancomycin- resistant enterococcus Faecium (VRE) and Vancomycin- resistant Staph. Aureus (VRSA)
No cross resistance between streptogramins & other drugs that Inhibit protein synthesis