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Antibacterials affecting cell membrane - Coggle Diagram
Antibacterials affecting cell membrane
Polymyxins
Polymyxin B & E
Cyclic peptides with hydrophobic tail
(+) charged free amino group that act as cationic detergents, disrupts phospholipid structure of membrane
Bind to membrane, cause openings, so it is leaky
Selectively toxic for gram (-) bacteria, attracted to (-) charge phosphate on lipopolysaccharide
Neurotoxic & Nephrotoxic , used as a last option
Typically used for Pseudomonas Aeruginosa or Carbapenemase- producing Enterobacteriaceae
Not absorbed by GIT
Used in infantile diarrhea
Externally used for eye infection/ otitis external (swimmers ear)
Less effective on gram (+) unless given with other agents like trimethoprim
Daptomycin
Lipopeptide antibiotic
Used in treatment of systemic/ life threatening infection from gram (+) bacteria
Disrupts many aspects of cell membrane function
Aggregates in cell membrane, alters it’s curvature, creates holes that leak ions
Leads to rapid depolarization, cell death
Not orally absorbed
Cannot penetrate membrane of gram (-) bacteria
Treatment of skin/ skin structure infections by gram (+), S. Aureus & endocarditis
Unique spectrum # MRSA & Vancomycin- resistant E. Faecalis/ E. Faecium (VRE)
Inactivated by pulmonary surfactants, cannot be used in pneumonia