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5 AREAS OF RESEARCH - Coggle Diagram

- - - - According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2020), History plays a fundamental role in human thought and invokes notions of human agency, change, role of material circumstances in human affairs and significance of historical events. Furthermore, it raises possibility of being able to learn from past events as well as better understanding due to greater knowledge towards the forces, choices and circumstances which lead to the present situation. Examples of this are the following: political history, social history, economic history.
    - - American Sociological Association (n,d.) defines Sociology as a study of social life, change, causes and consequences of human behavior. It is also stated as the scientific and systematic study of groups, societies as well as their interactions. (Conerly, 2021) Examples of this are the following: social movements, social inequality, and societal norms.
    - - Gerandielle (2022) defines Linguistics as a scientific study of human language focusing on the nature, development and structure of a language. Albeit both focusing in human language, Applied Linguistics is a branch of said study and differs in terms of function, as it deals with practical usage of language as well as the problems in relation to the usage of language. Examples of this are the following: historical linguistics, sociolinguistics, computational linguistics.
- - - - Biomedical Engineering research is at the interface of engineering, biology, and medicine. The program features an interdisciplinary approach in four complementary research areas: tissue engineering/regenerative medicine, neuroengineering/imaging, biomaterials/nanotechnology, and biomechanics. (School of Engineering, Brown University, 2023)
    - - Our group uses fundamental knowledge in engineering, math, chemistry, biology, and geology to address critical environmental challenges in the areas of sustainable water and energy resources, water and wastewater treatment, and environmental protection in both developed and developing countries. In the past, environmental engineers were tasked mostly with designing water and wastewater treatment plants, managing solid waste, developing and overseeing regulations, monitoring air quality, and remediating contaminated soil and water areas like Superfund sites. While these problems are still relevant, our focus is now on preventing problems, and on developing new generations of graduates who understand sustainability, population growth, and food, water, and energy demands. (College of Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 2023)
    - - Computer engineering concerns itself with the understanding and design of hardware needed to carry out computation, as well as the hardware-software interface. It is sometimes said that computer engineering is the nexus that connects electrical engineering and computer science. Research and teaching areas with a significant computer engineering component include digital logic and VLSI design, computer architecture and organization, embedded systems and Internet of things, virtualization and operating systems, code generation and optimization, computer networks and data centers, electronic design automation, or robotics. (Electrical & Computer Engineering, Cornell University, 2023)
- - - - Type of Arts and Design
        
        Fine Arts
        
        Fine art, also known as high art, is the pinnacle of artistic expression, emphasizing aesthetics over functionality. It is distinguished from low arts, which are created with a more utilitarian purpose in mind. Fine art is a type of visual or auditory art that is appreciated for its aesthetic and intellectual depth (Eden Gallery, 2023).
        
        Graphics Design
        
        Graphic design is a craft where professionals create visual content to communicate messages. By applying visual hierarchy and page layout techniques, designers use typography and images to meet users' specific needs and focus on the logic of displaying elements in interactive designs, to optimize the user experience (Interaction Design Foundation, 2023).
        
        Illustration
        
        Illustration is the art of creating visual images to communicate messages. The word itself means "throwing light on something," so the main purpose of illustration is to help the viewer understand or imagine something better (Tubik Studio, 2023). Over the years, illustrations have been integrated into a wide range of print materials, such as books, magazines, newspapers, posters, flyers, and educational materials.
- - - - Doctrine Development
        The statement of how armed forces participate in campaigns, major operations, battles, and engagements is known as military doctrine. It is not a set of rigid rules, but rather a guide to action. A unified frame of reference for the military is provided by doctrine. By developing standard methods for carrying out military activities, it helps standardize operations and facilitates readiness. Theory, history, experimentation, and practice are all connected by doctrine. Its goal is to promote initiative and original thought. The military's authoritative body of declarations on how its forces execute operations is known as doctrine. It also gives military leaders and planners a common language to work with. (Karan, 2022)
      - Morale and Well-Being of the Warfighter
        In general terms, will to fight is the disposition and decision to fight, to keep fighting, and to win. However, there is no generally accepted definition of will to fight. There is no way to accurately quantify will to fight or delineate its precise value. Despite this, will to fight can be more clearly understood and practicably applied. Soldiers and the units they form develop the disposition to fight or not fight, and to act or not to act, when fearing death. Disposition is likelihood: Soldiers are more or less likely to fight or run, fight aggressively or passively, to follow orders or break, run, or surrender. Influenced by this disposition, they make decisions in the heat of combat, and even while they are far removed from combat but perhaps still questioning their dedication to the mission. Military unit will to fight is the disposition and decision to fight, act, or persevere as needed. (RAND Army Research Division, 2021)
      - Strategy Planning
        What good is military strategy? According to the scholarship on military effectiveness, the answer is “not much”—strategy does not significantly affect the performance of armies in combat. Strategic theory scholarship disagrees and describes four specific mechanisms linking strategy to military effectiveness: Exploiting weaknesses in the adversary’s strategy; causing psychological dislocation in the enemy commanders; creating a favorable center of gravity and pattern of war; and focusing resources and controlling violence in service of political goals. (Meiser et.al. 2021)