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2. The category of case. The Common and the Genitive cases. Different…
2. The category of case. The Common and the Genitive cases. Different interpretations of the ‘s’ formant. Views on the number of cases in English.
Case expresses the relation of a word to another word in the word-group or sentence. The category of case correlates with the objective category of possession.
The case category in English is realized through the opposition: The Common Case :: The Possessive Case (sister :: sister’s). However, in modern linguistics the term “genitive case” is used instead of the “possessive case” because the meanings rendered by the “`s” sign are not only those of possession
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There is no universal point of view as to the case system in English. Different scholars stick to a different number of cases.
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2.There are no cases at all, the form `s is optional because the same relations may be expressed by the ‘of-phrase’: the doctor’s arrival – the arrival of the doctor;
3.There are three cases: the Nominative, the Genitive, the Objective due to the existence of objective pronouns me, him, whom;
4.Case Grammar. Ch.Fillmore introduced syntactic-semantic classification of cases. They show relations in the so-called deep structure of the sentence. According to him, verbs may stand to different relations to nouns. There are 6 cases:
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3) Dative Case (D) John believed that he would win (the case of the animate being affected by the state of action identified by the verb);
4) Factitive Case (F) The key was damaged ( the result of the action or state identified by the verb);
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To avoid confusion with the plural, the marker of the genitive case is represented in written form with an apostrophe. This fact makes possible disengagement of –s form from the noun to which it properly belongs. E.g.: The man I saw yesterday’s son, where -s is appended to the whole group (the so-called group genitive). It may even follow a word which normally does not possess such a formant, as in somebody else’s book.